Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
Why is the carbon-halogen bond polar
Because there is a difference in electronegativity
Why aren’t halogenoalkanes soluble in water
Because water has hydrogen bonds and halogenoalkanes cannot form hydrogen bonds
Explain the relationship between chain links and melting/boiling point for halogenoalkanes
The bigger the molecule the more atoms meaning there are more VanderWaal forces giving it a higher melting/boiling point
What is a nucleophile
An electron pair doner
What is a substitution reaction?
Where we replace one part of a molecule with a different chemical
What type of reaction is hydrolysis
Nucleophilic substitution
What are the conditions needed for hydrolysis?
-Dissolved 50-50 mix of ethanol and water
-heat under reflux
What is the name of the reaction for reacting with cyanide ions
Nucleophilic substitution
What does he like from the cyanide ions due to the number of carbon?
Makes the carbon chain longer
What are the conditions for reacting with cyanide ions
-heat under reflux
What are the conditions for reactions with excess ammonia?
-in ethanol
-concentrated ammonia
-sealed tube on the high pressure and temperature
What happens in an elimination reaction
Two parts of the molecule removed
What are the conditions required for elimination reaction?
-Heat under reflux
