Haloalkanes Flashcards
What is the general formula for haloalkanes?
Cn H2n+1 X
How do you name a molecule that has more than one halogen?
Write alphabetically
What happens to the carbon-halogen down the group?
Length increases
Strength decreases
Bond dipoles on carbon-halogen bonds decrease
What is more important in reactivity, bond length or bond strength?
Bond strength
BS decreases, broken easier, making them harder, harder to attract electrons
How do you test reactivity of haloalkanes?
Add AgNO3, ethanol and heat - see which colour precipitate is formed the quickest
Which haloalkane will react the quickest with AgNO3, ethanol and heat out of Cl, Br and I?
Iodine as it is the most reactive, then bromine then chlorine
What is assynthesis of haloalkanes
Haloalkane + NaOH heat under reflux forms an alcohol and NaCl
How do you do testing for haloalkanes?
Haloalkanes + water (from AgNO3(aq) + ethanol +heat) forms alcohol and HX
What is a nucleophile?
An atom/group of atoms that donates a pair of electrons forming a new covalent bond
What is the first step of nucleophilic substitution?
Draw dipoles on C-X bond
Draw lone pair on nucleophile
Draw arrow from lone pair to back of C
Draw arrow from C-X bond to X
What is the second step of nucleophilic substitution?
Draw organic with nucleophile attached
Draw X- separately
What are the 6 nucleophiles?
CN- H2O NH3 CH3- CH3O- CH3COO-
