Haloalkanes Flashcards
Haloalkanes?
Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and at least one halogen atom
Prefixes for haloalkanes
F= fluoro
Cl= chloro
Br= broom
I= iodo
Nucleophiles 3parts
Negative ions or molecules with a partially negative atom that can donate a lone pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Describe the charges on a haloalkane
Polar molecule bc of polar bond between a C and halogen aton
hydrolysis reaction
Chem reaction involving water or OH- ions
Reactants, condition, andd products of hydrolysis of PRIMARY haloakanes
1° Haloalkane + Hydroxide ions
Heated under reflux
Produces Alcohol and metal halide
How does the strength of the carbon halogen bond affect rate of hydrolyis 3
As the bond strength increases
More energy req to overcome it
So rate of hydrolysis decreases
Which haloalkanes are hydrolysed fastest
Iodoalkanes
Reactivity of fluoroalkanes, why?
Unreactive bc C-F bond is so strong, req alot of energy to overcome
Dependant variable in the test comparing rates of hydrolysis of haloalkanes
Time taken for the precipitated of silver halides to form
Why is ethanol used in the test for rate of hydrolyis
As a bridging solvent:
Haloalkanes are insoluble in water so would form seperate layers if not for the ethanol
From where are the nucleophiles provided in the rate of hydrolyis test
The silver nitrate is in AQUEOUS solution, providing the water molecules
Observations of rate of hydrolysis reaction for 1-iodoalkane
Yellow precipitate of silver iodide forms RAPIDLY
Observations of rate of hydrolysis reaction for 1-bromoalkane
Cream precipitate of silver chloride forms slower than for iodoalkane but faster than for chloroalkane
Observations of rate of hydrolysis reaction for 1-chloroalkane
White precipitated silver chloride forms very slowly
Name for the mechanism of hydrolysis of haloalkanes
Nucleophilic substitution
