Electrophilic addition reactions Flashcards
Electrophile
Atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron rich centre and accepts an electron pair.
What type of particles are electrophiles usually?
Positive ions or a molecule containing a atom with a partial positive charge
Primary examplenof an ‘electron rich centre’
Double bond: Region of high e- density bc of the presence of the pi bond
Carbocation?
Molecule containing positively charge carbon atom
How is the major product differentiated fromt he minor
Major product is formed via the most stable carbocation intermediate
Primary carbocation
One alkyl group, 2 H boud to carbocation
Secondary carbocation
2 alkyl groups, 1 H bound to carbocation
Tertiary carbocation
3 alkyl groups bound to carbocation
In which direction does stability of carbocation intermediates increase
The more alkyl groups are attached to the carbocation
What causes the pi bond to break in the C=C during electrophilic addition and what happens immediately after
The e- in the pi bond are attracted to the electrophile. When the bond breaks the electrophile accepts the pair of electrons from the broken pi bond
How is the reaction initiated with non polar molecules
When the non polar molecule approaches the alkene, the e- of the pi bond induce a dipole in the previously non polar molecule.
What is the mechanism for reactions between alkenes and halogens/hydrogen/hydrogen halides
Electrophilic addition
How can we algerbraically represent hydrogen halides
HX
