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Psychopharm Exam 2 > Hallucinogens > Flashcards

Hallucinogens Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 hallucinogenic drugs?

A
  • mescaline
  • psilocybin
  • dimethyltryptamine/5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine
  • LSD
  • salcinorin A
  • PCP
  • ketamine
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2
Q

Effects of hallucinogenic drugs

A
  • proudce unusual perceptual & cognitive distortions

- produce these effects without producing a state of toxic delirium

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3
Q

source of mesaceline

A

found in cactus, like peyote, in the US southwest and northern Mexico

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4
Q

mescal button/peyote button

A

crown of cactus is cut off and dried

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5
Q

psilocybin source

A
  • certain mushrooms produce alkaloids with hallucinogenic properties
  • dried mushrooms are eaten raw or cooked or made into tea
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6
Q

psychoactive agent in psilocybin

A

psyilocygin is converted to psilocin, which is the actual psycoactive agent

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7
Q

Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert

A

Harvard professors experimented with psilocybin and LSD and helped popularize these drugs

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8
Q

ayahuasca

A

a drink made from plants containing dimethyltryptamine or 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine

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9
Q

DMT full name

A

dimethyltryptamine

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10
Q

5-MeO-DMTfull name

A

5-methoxy-dimethyltyrptamine

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11
Q

US form of DMT

A

sold in powdered form and smoked

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12
Q

orally active synthetic DMT analogs

A
  • alphamethyltryptamine (AMT)

- 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine (foxy methoxy, foxy)

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13
Q

LSD full name

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

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14
Q

source of LSD

A

-synthesized from ergot, a parasitic fungus on rye

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15
Q

functional uses of ergot

A
  • produces powerful contractions of the uterus

- reduce post-birth uterine hemorrhage

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16
Q

psycholytic therapy

A

low dose LSD; drug induced psycholysis (psychic loosening/opening)

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17
Q

psychedelic therapy

A

high dose LSD in hopes of gaining insight into one’s problems

18
Q

The CIA investigated LSD as a potential

A

psychological weapon

19
Q

LSD production for illicit use

A
  • droplets containing single-dose units of LSD dissolved in water are applied to a sheet of paper and dried
  • paper is divided into individual tabs
20
Q

Where does Salvinorin A come from?

A
  • a member of the mint family
  • native to Mexico
  • historically used in religous rituals by shamans
21
Q

How is Salvinorin A taken? Why?

A
  • leaves are chewed or extracts re made
  • absorbed through the mouth or smoked
  • inactivated by the GI tract
22
Q

Potency range of hallucinogens

A

LSD (most potent) to mesacline (least potent)

23
Q

How long after ingestion do the effects of hallucinogens generally begin?

A

30-90min after ingestion

24
Q

How long to the effects of LSD last?

A

6 - 12hrs

25
Q

Time span of effects of DMT and Salvia

A
  • felt within a few seconds
  • peak over few minutes
  • gone within an hour
26
Q

What are the serotonin-like (indoleamine) hallucinogens?

A

LSD, psilocybin, psilocin, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT

27
Q

What are the catecholamine-like (phenethylamine) hallucinogens?

A

mescaline, TMA and DOM

28
Q

What drug is known as a neoclerodane diterpene?

A

salvinorin A

29
Q

Which serotonin receptors play a centrol role in halluctinations?

A

5-HT-2A and 5-HT-2C

30
Q

Where is there a high density of 5-HT-2A and 5-HT-2C receptors?

A

PFC and anterior cingulate cortex

31
Q

How many 5-HT receptor types are there? Subtypes?

A

7 types, 14 subtypes

32
Q

All 5-HT receptors are _____, except for ____

A

metabotropic; 5-HT-3 (its ionotropic)

33
Q

disruption of pyramidal neurons and hallucinogens

A
  • pyramidal cells in layer V are directly stimulated by activation of 5-HT2A receptors and also by glutamate released from other neurons
  • this activation disrupts the function of glutamateric networks in the PFC
  • interferes with filtering of sensory info resulting in over-excitation
34
Q

What drug is a k-opoid receptor agonist?

A

salvinorin A

35
Q

What contributes to the lack of abuse potential in hallucinogenic drugs?

A
  • no withdrawal symptoms

- not effective reinforcers

36
Q

When can dependence to halluinogens occur?

A

if the individual is exposed to the drugs at an early age

37
Q

Why do hallucinogens produce a rapid tolerance with repated use?

A

down-regulation of 5-HT-2A receptors occurs

38
Q

pharmacodynamic tolerance

A

tolerance to the behavioral effects of the drug

39
Q

bad trip

A

injestion of hallucinogen induced acute anxiety or panic; related to current emotional state and external environment

40
Q

flashbacks

A

re-experiencing hallucinations after drug use has stopped

41
Q

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

A

when flashbacks from hallucinogen use are persisent

42
Q

psychotic reaction

A

involves individuals who had already been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder or who had pre-symptomatic symptoms before drug used

Psychopharm Exam 2 (5 decks)

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