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Psychopharm Exam 2 > Cannabinoids > Flashcards

Cannabinoids Flashcards

1
Q

cannabinoids

A

the 80 plus compounds that are unique to cannabis sativa

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2
Q

What is the most active molecule in the hemp plant?

A

delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

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3
Q

Function of THC

A

protects plants from herbivores and UV light

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4
Q

Order of most to least resin found in plant

A

flowering tops > leaves > fibrous stalks

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5
Q

What part of the plant is used to create hemp?

A

the stalks

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6
Q

potency varies based on ____

A

the part of the plant used

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7
Q

hashish

A

pure resin, 10% - 15% THC

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8
Q

ganja/sinsemilla

A

tops of non-pollinated female plants, 5-10% THC

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9
Q

bhang

A

remain of plant follwing the removal of top leaves < 1% THC

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10
Q

Behavioral effects of THC

A
  • inebriant
  • euphoriant
  • exitant (increased talking)
  • hypnotic
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11
Q

low/moderate doses of THC

A
  • relaxation
  • increased talkativeness
  • reduced coordination
  • disruption in attention & cognitive function
  • altered sense of time and space
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12
Q

high doses of THC

A
  • hallucinatiosn & delusions
  • impaired memory
  • disorientation
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13
Q

TCH is the ___ most popular drug

A

3rd (behind alcohol & nicotine)

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14
Q

oral administration

A

slow absroption, highly variable, long duration of action than other routes

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15
Q

Why does oral administration of cannibnoids produce highly variable effects?

A

its difficult to regulate the dose

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16
Q

smoking cannibinoids

A

fast absorbtion

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17
Q

Why is smoking cannabis potentially more harmful than smoking tobacco?

A
  • higher toxin level than tobacoo

- smoke is held in for a long time

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18
Q

Why is distriubtion of THC uneven?

A

it has high lipid solubility

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19
Q

Where is THC metabolized?

A

the liver

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20
Q

delta9-THC is broken down into _______

A

11-hydroxy-delta9-THC

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21
Q

How does THC and its metabolite compare?

A

the activity is approximatley equivalent

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22
Q

cannabidol

A

-a metbolite of THC –prolongs duration of action of delta9-THC, -blocks liver enzymes

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23
Q

Half-life of THC

A

approx 30hrs, but traces of delta9-THC and active metabolites can persist from days to weeks due to high lipid solubility

24
Q

What allowed researchers to map the location of cannabinoid receptors in the brain?

A

radiolabeled cannabinoids

25
Q

Are cannabinoid receptors metabotropic or ionotropic?

A

metabotropic

26
Q

CB1 receptor

A
  • located in the nervous system
  • 100x more concentrated than opiate receptors
  • most common metabotropic receptor
27
Q

CB2 receptor

A
  • primarily located on immune cells (T & B cells)

- low levels in CNS

28
Q

CB1 receptors are highly concentrated in areas involved in:

A
  • mood & memory
  • movement
  • pain processing
29
Q

mood and memory

A

frontal cortex, hippocampus

30
Q

movement

A

cerebellum & basal ganglia

31
Q

pain processing

A

spinal chord, PNS, peri-aquaductal grey

32
Q

CB1 receptors are in low concentrations in areas controlling:

A

vegetative functions

33
Q

vegetative functions

A

brain stem

34
Q

Cannabinoid receptor action

A
  • inhibits adenylate cyclase
  • close Ca2+ channels
  • open K+ channels
35
Q

examples of endocannabinoids

A

anadamide, 2-AG, PEA, noladin ether

36
Q

2-AG

A

2-arachidonoylglycerol

37
Q

PEA

A

palmitoylethanolamine

38
Q

endocannabinoid synthesis/storage

A
  • not stored in vesicles

- synthesized on demaned from membrane phospholipids

39
Q

how is endocannabinoid signaling stopped?

A

enzymatic degradation

40
Q

endocannabinoids are _____ messengers

A

retrograde

41
Q

retrograde messenger

A
  • synthesized & released by postsynpatic neuron

- acts presynaptically

42
Q

retrograde signaling in endocannabinoids

A

close Ca2+ channels, thus decreasing GABA release and increasing pyramidal cell activity

43
Q

disinhibition

A

inibiting an inhibitor

44
Q

GABAa

A

ionotropic

45
Q

GABAb

A

metabotropic

46
Q

triadic configuration

A

input from excitatory projectionto dendritic spine, inhibitory input onto dendrite, postsynaptic side of dendritic spine inputs to excitatory projection and inhibitory projection

47
Q

activation of mGlu1 on pyramidal neuron:

A
  • results in production of endocannabinoids
  • these endocannabinoids interact with the inhibitory GABA neuron
  • endocannabinoid interacting with CB1 receptors on GABA neuron closes calcium channels so less GABA is released
48
Q

lower 2-AG levels

A

GABA release is inhibited and glutamtae release is unaffected; this is the basis for long term plasticity/learning

49
Q

higher 2-AG levels

A

GABA and glutamate release are inhibited, impaired learning

50
Q

Why does THC impair memory?

A

its the same as having high 2-AG levels, CB1 receptors on both the GABAergic neuron and the glutamatergic neuron are activated, resulted in impaired release of GABA and glutamate

51
Q

marinol

A

dronabinol; synthetic THC, an appetite stimulant and antiemetic (reduces vomiting)

52
Q

Sativex

A

derived from the plant (THC & CBD),

53
Q

What is Sativex used to treat?

A
  • a mouth spray used to treat neuropathic main and spaticity in MS
  • cancer pain
54
Q

rimonabant

A
  • CB1 agonist
  • used to treat obesity (Europe)
  • ultimatley dropped due to side effects
55
Q

drug x gene interaction in THC-induced psychosis

A

when one is homozygous for Val/Val, cannabis use results in increased risk of developing schizophreniform disorder

Psychopharm Exam 2 (5 decks)

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