Hair and Nail Disorders Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

fu

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Nail clubbing

A

A nail angle <180 degrees associated with heart and lung diseases and chronic hypoxia, believed to be caused by vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Beau’s lines

A

Transverse depressions that result from temporary interruption of proximal nail matrix often due to trauma unless presenting in multiple digits, depth of depression indicates extend of damage and width longitudinally indicates duration of insult, grows out with the nail itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Onychomadesis

A

Proximal detachment of the nail most often due to untreated trauma, results in complete arrest of nail growth for a period and might imply systemic cause if multiple nais

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 causes of pitting nails

A

-psoriasis -alopecia areata -eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leukonychia

A

White opaque discoloration on nails that can either present punctate (spot that moves with growth due to trauma), striate (mee’s lines) (transverse parallel lines that migrate distally) or diffuse (spread evenly over the nail)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Striate or Mee’s lines leukonychia can be a sign in these 2 pathologies

A

-heavy metal poisoning -chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muehrcke’s lines

A

Transverse pale lines in the vascular nail beds that do not move with nail growth and are grooveless, due to decreased protein synthesis indicative of systemic disease such as nephrotic syndrome or hypoalbuminemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we differentatate between Striate/Mee’s lines leukonychia and muehrcke’s lines?

A

Muehrcke’s lines do NOT grow out with the nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subungual hematoma

A

Collection of blood under nail bed resulting in throbbing high pressure pain under nail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nail drilling

A

A treatment for subungual hematoma that involves the drilling into the nail plate to release the pressure and drain the blood (must be done early otherwise blood may clot and not drain out), as long as you don’t go too deep and hit the nailbed which does have nerves (unlike the nail plate) then you won’t cause any pain!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lichen planus nail presentation

A

Fissuring with atrophy creating angel wing like appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A common onychomycosis is ____ ____ and it responds ____ to topical antifungals

A

Tinea pedis (athletes foot), very poorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The most common type of onychomycosis is distal subungual onychomycosis caused by the dermatophyte…

A

…trichophyton rubrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we need to confirm a fungus presence before beginning oral antifungal treatment? How do we confirm a fungus?

A

-antifungals are hard on the liver and take a long treatment course -Fungus culture is preferred but can also do KOH exam or biopsy nail clippings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1st, 2nd, and 3rd choices for distal subungual onychomycosis treatment

A

-terbinafine -fluconazole -itraconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proper ___ can help prevent ingrown toenails

A

Cutting technique

17
Q

Partial nail avulsion

A

Procedure to remove recurrent ingrown toe nails by supplying a digital blocking agent (numbing medication), then scalpaling down the nail to the matrix and pulling out that portion of it completely (so the nail is literally thinner on that side)

18
Q

Paronychia

A

Infection along the lateral or proximal nail fold usually from staph aureus that requires I&D or antibiotics to treat

19
Q

Felon

A

A pus pocket infection forming in the fat pat of the toe, often seen in needle injuries or dog bites and requires drainage

20
Q

Pincer nail deformity

A

Transverse over curvature of nail plate either inherited or acquired and of unknown etiology

21
Q

White bulb at end of hair indicates it was in the ___ phase, while no bulb indicates it was in the ___ phase

A

Telogen (arrest) anagen (growth)

22
Q

Reasons for scarring hair loss (4)

A

-lupus -infection -lichen planus -traction alopecia (pulling from wearing certain styles)

23
Q

Kerion

A

A fungal infectious cause of hair loss with distinct roundness that distinguishes it

24
Q

Reasons for non-scarring hair loss (3)

A

-pattern hair loss -hair breakage -shaft abnormality

25
Q

Androgenic alopecia

A

Most common cause of hair loss, localized and systemic and follows either male or female pattern in either gender, due to an androgen excess in all cases

26
Q

Male pattern baldness

A

Starts in the front of the scalp and progresses backward

27
Q

Female pattern baldness

A

Diffuse baldness starting centrally and going out to the sides

28
Q

Male pattern baldness in females is indicative of…

A

….androgen excess

29
Q

Telogen effluvium

A

Sudden loss of large amounts of hair from premature conversion from anagen to telogen state, often due to diet, hormonal variation, drugs, stress, or pregnancy

30
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Autoimmune disease that impacts young patients resulting in complete hair loss with the hallmark finding of exclamation point hairs

31
Q

3 subtypes of alopecia areata

A

Areata - patches totalis - total scalp universalis - complete body

32
Q

Androgenic alopecia treatment (3)

A

-5a reductase inhibitor (lower testosterone) -Topical minoxidil -hair transplant

33
Q

Pull test for alopecia

A

No shower for 24 hrs then 60 hairs pulled from scalp gently, removal of 6 or more hairs is positive result and indicates active shedding

34
Q

What is this condition?

A

Striate Leukonychia

35
Q

What condition is this?

A

Mehurk’s lines

36
Q

What condition is this?

A

Paronychia

37
Q
A