Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

endocrine system 1 > haemostasis, hemorrage and shock > Flashcards

haemostasis, hemorrage and shock Flashcards

1
Q

what effect does a decrease in blood vol have on BP and delivery of nutrients to cells?

A

decreased BP and delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes shock?

A

lack of blood flow to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the effects of shock?

A

decreased BP and delivery of nutrient to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 4 physiological responses to blood loss?

A

immediate - stop bleeding
short term - restore BP
medium term - restore fluid vol
long term - replace blood constituents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the immediate response to shock is to stop blood flow, what is this called?

A

hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what responses are involved in hemostasis?

A
  • vascular response
  • platelet response
  • plasma response (coagulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what role does smooth muscle play in the vascular response go hemostasis?

A

vascular spasms - vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what role does endothelium play in the vascular response go hemostasis?

A
  • platelet adhesion and aggregation

- anticlotting and fibrinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the platelet response in Hemostasis

A
  • damage to BV causes turbulent blood flow, platelets come into contact with collagen vessel wall
  • platelets clump together (aggregation) forming platelet plug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

during hemostatic coagulation, plasma proteins and tissue components combine to convert what into what?

A

fibrinogen into fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which fibrous molecule forms a blood clot?

A

fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are the majority of clotting factors made?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synthesis of several clotting factors requires which vitamin?

A

vit k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the enzyme cascade that results in the production of insoluble fibrin

A
  • prothrombin is converted to thrombin in the presence of factor Xa, Ca, factor V and phospholipid
  • prothrombin converts fibrinogen to soluble fibrin
  • soluble fibrin is converted to insoluble fibrin by factor XIIIa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is bloodclotting factor I?

A

fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is bloodclotting factor II?

A

prothrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is bloodclotting factor III?

A

tissue factor (thromboplastin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is bloodclotting factor IV?

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many bloodclotting factors are there?

A

12

20
Q

both the extrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways work on factor X to form what?

A

factor Xa

21
Q

what activates the intrinsic coagulation pathway?

A
  • vascular damage
22
Q

what activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

A
  • tissue damage
23
Q

what factors does the intrinsic coagulation pathway involve ?

A

factors VIII, IX, XI, XII

24
Q

what factor does the extrinsic coagulation pathway involve ?

A

factor VII

25
Q

both coagulation pathways work in the presence of what?

A

calcium and phospholipid

26
Q

which coagulation pathway is more important in initiated the clot after injury ?

A

extrinsic

27
Q

which coagulation pathway is more important at maintaining the blood clot once it has started ?

A

intrinsic

28
Q

which coagulation pathway has a role in thrombosis?

A

intrinsic

29
Q

after the blood clot has served its function it dissolves, what is this known as?

A

fibrinolysis

30
Q

what is fibrinolysis?

A

after the blood clot has served its function it dissolves

31
Q

fibrinolysis is undertaken by which enzyme?

A

plasmin

32
Q

the describe the steps in the process of fibrinolysis?

A
  • plasminogen is converted to plasmin in the presence of plasminogen activator
  • plasmin converts fibrin to soluble fibrinogen fragments
33
Q

a fall in BP during hemostasis activates a compensatory mechanism triggered by which receptor?

A

arterial baroreceptors

34
Q

baroreceptor reflexes are mediated by what?

A
  • sympathetic nerves

- hormones (adrenaline, angiotensin II, vasopressin [ADH])

35
Q

the medium term response of hemostasis aims to restore blood vol, how does it do this?

A
  • shift interstitial fluid back into BVs
  • decreasing fluid loss in kidneys
  • increasing fluid intake
36
Q

during the medium term response to blood loss, interstitial fluid is shifted back into BVs, how is this done?

A
  • baroreceptors react to decreased BP by vasoconstriction of arterioles
  • this decreases hydrostatic pressure pushing fluid out capillaries
  • oncotic pressure draws more fluid back into capillaries
37
Q

during the medium term response to blood loss, there is a decreased loss of fluid kith kidneys, how is this achieved?

A
  • decreased glomerular filtration

- increased reabsorption of sodium and water (by release of ADH and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone)

38
Q

during the medium term response to blood loss, there is an increase in thirst, where is the bodies thirst centre?

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

the long term response to blood loss aims to replace plasma proteins and blood cells, what is the name of the process used to produce RBCs?

A

erythropoiesis

40
Q

which hormone regulates erythropeisis?

A

erythropoietin

41
Q

where is erythropoietin released?

A

kidney

42
Q

describe the process of erythropoiesis?

A
  • decreases in RBCs
  • decreased oxygen delivery
  • kidney produce erythropoietin
  • erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to increase RBC production
43
Q

name the 3 types of shock

A
  • hypovolaemic shock
  • law resistance (distributive) shock
  • cariogenic shock
44
Q

describe hypovaelemic shock

A
  • decreased ECF due to haemorrhage, sweating, diarrhoea etc
45
Q

describe law resistance shock

A
  • decreased peripheral resistance, wide spread vasodilation
46
Q

give an example of law resistance shock

A

anaphylactic shock

47
Q

describe cardiogenic shock

A

heart fails as pump

endocrine system 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions