Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

endocrine system 1 > endocrine glands > Flashcards

endocrine glands Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

A
  • thermoregulation
  • hormone secretion (primary and trophic)
  • regulate circadian rhythm
  • regulate motivation
  • regulate emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a primary hormone?

A

one that acts directly on organ to produce effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a trophic hormone?

A

trigger an other gland to produce a hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens to our body temp when we sleep?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the hypothalamus releases releasing hormones, where do these hormones pass to and what effect do they have?

A

pass to anterior pituitary triggering secretion of hormones from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do hormones passing from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary travel ?

A

via blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do hormones passing from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary travel ?

A

along nerve axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name the hypothalamic hormones?

A
  • corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  • gonadotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
  • thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
  • growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • somatostatin (SS) (GH inhibiting hormone)
  • prolactin releasing hormone (PLRH)
  • dopamine (DA) (PLIH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the anterior pituitary hormones?

A
  • adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • luteinising hormone (LH)
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • growth hormone (GH)
  • prolactin (PL)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the posterior pituitary hormones?

A
  • antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

- oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are posterior pituitary hormones produced and how do they reach the posterior pituitary?

A

produced in hypothalamus and pass along axons to posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the thyroid gland?

A

in neck anterior to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A
  • thyroid hormone
  • T3, T4
  • calcitonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which cells in the thyroid gland produce calcitonin?

A

para-follicular C-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is T4 more commonly known as?

A

thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what hormone is the precursor for T3?

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which is more potent, T3 or T4?

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the actions of the thyroid gland?

A
  • increase metabolic rate
  • determine basal metabolic rate
  • essential for normal feral and childhood growth
  • up regulation of adrenoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which thyroid hormone regulates calcium levels?

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name a disorder characterised by under secretion of the thyroid?

A

hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name a disorder characterised by over secretion of the thyroid?

A

hyperthyroidism (goitre, exophthalmos)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what dietary defficiency causes goitre?

A

iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what physical symptom does goitre produce?

A

thyroid swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what physical symptoms does exophthalmos produce?

A

bulging eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what hormone does the parathyroid gland produce?

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the function of parathyroid hormone?

A

regulate blood calcium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the endocrine cells of the pancreas called?

A

islets of langerhans

28
Q

name the 3 islets of langerhans and the secretion they produce

A

beta cell - insulin
alpha cell - glusgon
delta cell - somatostatin

29
Q

what percentage of pancreatic tissue do islets of langerhans occupy?

A

1-2%

30
Q

insulin is released in response to what?

A

raised blood glucose

31
Q

what effect does insulin have on blood glucose and how does it have this effect?

A

lowers it by facilitating glucose entry into muscle cells and adipocytes

32
Q

what may promote the secretion of insulin?

A
  • increased blood glucose
  • increased blood amino acids
  • glucose dependant insulinotrophic peptide
  • vagus nerve activity
33
Q

what may inhibit the secretion of insulin?

A
  • adrenaline
  • sympathetic nerves
  • somatostatin
34
Q

when is glucagon released?

A

in response to low glucose conc

35
Q

what effect does glucagon have on blood glucose?

A

raises it

36
Q

what may promote the secretion of glucagon?

A
  • decreased blood glucose
  • increased blood amino acids
  • cholecystokinin
  • autonomic nerve activity
37
Q

what may inhibit the secretion of glucagon?

A
  • insulin

- somatostatin

38
Q

what are the clinical features of diabetes mellitus?

A
  • polyuria (increased during production)
  • polydipsia (thirst)
  • glycosuria (glucose in urine)
  • skin and oral disease (periodontitis, xerostomia)
39
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, is insulin dependant?

A

type 1

40
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, is insulin independant?

A

type 2

41
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, has decreased insulin secretion?

A

type 1

42
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, has normal insulin levels?

A

type 2

43
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, results in destruction of beta cells?

A

type 1

44
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, has decreased target cell responsiveness ?

A

type 2

45
Q

which type of diabetes, 1 or 2, is an autoimmune disease?

A

type 1

46
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

top of kidneys

47
Q

adrenal glands are also called?

A

supra-renal glands

48
Q

the adrenal gland is composed of 2 parts, what are these?

A
  • cortex (outer region)

- medulla (inside adrenal cortex)

49
Q

the cortex of the adrenal glads produces corticosteroids, name 3 of these?

A
  • cortisol
  • aldosterone
  • androgens
50
Q

which region of the medulla of the adrenal glads produce adrenaline?

A

modified sympathetic ganglion

51
Q

the modified sympathetic ganglion is a region of the medulla of the adrenal gland, which hormone is produced here?

A

adrenaline

52
Q

where in the adrenal cortex is cortisol produced?

A

zona fascicullata

53
Q

what actions does cortisol have?

A
  • metabolic effects
  • permissive effects
  • anti-inflammatory
  • immune-suppresant
54
Q

where in the adrenal cortex is aldosterone produced?

A

zona glomerulosa

55
Q

which system controls the release of aldosterone?

A

renin-angiotensin system

56
Q

what actions does aldosterone have?

A
  • promote reabsorption of sodium and water in kidneys

- increase excretion of hydrogen and potassium

57
Q

where in the adrenal cortex are androgens produced?

A

zona fasciculata and reticularis

58
Q

what actions do androgens have?

A
  • growth and secondary sexual characteristics

- pubertal growth spurt

59
Q

corticosteroids can be divided into 3 classes, what are these?

A
  • mineralocorticoid
  • glucocorticoid
  • gonadocorticoid
60
Q

give an example of a mineralocorticoid

A

aldosterone

61
Q

give an example of a glucocorticoid

A

cortisol

62
Q

give an example of a gonadocorticoid

A

androgens

63
Q

excess glucocorticoid causes what?

A

cushions syndrome

64
Q

excess secretion of androgens causes what?

A

adrenal-genital syndrome

65
Q

adrenal insufficiency causes what?

A

addisons disease

endocrine system 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions