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Y2 HIT (Fri) > Haemostasis (coagulation) > Flashcards

Haemostasis (coagulation) Flashcards

1
Q

What does haemostasis achieve?​

A
  • keep blood liquid
  • Limit the bleeding by forming a blood clot, whilst also maintaining liquid blood flow through the damaged vessel​
  • Removal of the blood clot upon healing​
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2
Q

summarise primary haemostasis

A
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3
Q

summarise secondary haemostasis

A
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4
Q

summarise Fibrinolysis

A
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5
Q

what are the 3 layers of large blood vessel walls?

A

Intima
Media
Adventitia

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6
Q

intima structure and function

A

thin layer of endothelial cells lining the walls of the lumen.
shields the basement membrane

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7
Q

media structure and function

A

thick layer of smooth muscle cells that allow for contraction and relaxation – important for arterial pulse

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8
Q

adventitia structure and function

A

thick outer layer of collagen and fibroblasts. Protect and anchor the blood vessel

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9
Q

in what position in the blood vessel wall is the external elastic lamina and what is it’s function?

A

between the media and adventitia – allows elasticity (stretch and recoil)

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10
Q

what does it mean that the Subendothelia of intima are antithrombotic until injury, when they become thrombogenic​?

A

they only have a high tendency to clot after injury (release endothelin-1 to vasoconstrict and restrict blood loss)

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11
Q

why is tissue factor important in secondary haemostasis?

A

triggers the enzymatic reactions that increase thrombin (factor IIa) production – this

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12
Q

what is VWF?

A
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13
Q

what are the functions of VWF?

A
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14
Q

what are some specific functions of the amino acids in VWF?

A
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15
Q

on VWF, what does amino acid A1 do?

A
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16
Q

on VWF, what does amino acid A3 do?

A
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17
Q

on VWF, what does amino acid C1 do?

A
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18
Q

on VWF, what does amino acid D’D3 do?

A
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19
Q

what is the difference in blood type O in terms of VWF?

A
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20
Q

how do platelets interact with VWF and why?

A

to initiate

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21
Q

why is it important that platelets are negatively charged?

A
22
Q

what part of the platelet structure makes it negatively charged?

A

the middle membrane is phospholipid rich

23
Q

why is the platelet cytoskeleton important? what affect does it have on the platelet?

A

function dependant on shape

24
Q

why is it important that the platelet maintains it discoid shape?

A
25
Q

what are the 3 systems by which the platelet maintains it’s discoid shape?

A
26
Q

what are the 4 events that regulate primary haemostasis?

A
  1. Adhesion​
  2. Shape change ​
  3. Release reaction​
  4. Aggregation​
27
Q
  1. Adhesion​
A
28
Q
  1. Shape change ​
A

  • role of myosin =
29
Q
  1. Release reaction​
A
30
Q
  1. Aggregation​
A
31
Q

what is the difference in adhesion between arteries and veins?

A

higher pressure in arteries so _

32
Q

what is the role of myosin in the shape change stage of P.Haemostasis reg.?

A

why

33
Q

why is seretonin released in _ of P.Haemostasis reg.?

A
34
Q

what are zymogens>

A

inactive precursors to enzymes

35
Q

what are factors

A
36
Q

what factors are vitamine K dependant

A
37
Q

difference between intrinsic and extrinsic pathway in coagulation cascade

A

intrinsic more about general damage
extrinsic take trauma into account
_

38
Q

what is the one place that tissue factor is not found?

A
39
Q

what are the 3 steps in coagulation?

A
40
Q

summarise initiation

A
41
Q

summarise amplification

A
42
Q

summarise propagation

A
43
Q

prothrombin = factor 2. what is its function?

A
44
Q

how is the Extrinsic tenase complex​ made?

A

enzyme - FVIIa
Cofactor - TF
Substrate - FX​

45
Q

how is the Intrinsic tenase complex​ made?

A

enzyme - FIXa
cofactor - FVIIIa
substrate - FX

46
Q

how is the Prothrombinase complex​ made?

A

enzyme - FXa
cofactor - FVa
substrate - FII

47
Q

what is fibrinogen and what are it’s functions?

A
48
Q

fibrinogen structure

A
49
Q

Fibrin formation

A
50
Q

what are Kunitz Type Inhibitors​?

A
51
Q

what are Serine Protease Inhibitors ​(serpins) ?

A
52
Q
A

Y2 HIT (Fri) (12 decks)

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