Haemorrhoids Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors?

A

Constipation
Straining
Pregnancy
Obesity
increasing age
Increased intra-abdominal pressure

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2
Q

How are they classified?

A

1st degree: no prolapse
2nd degree: prolapse when straining and return on relaxing
3rd degree: prolapse when straining, do not return on relaxing, but can be pushed back
4th degree: prolapsed permanently

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3
Q

How do they present?

A

Painless bright red bleeding
Sore itchy anus
Lump around or inside the anus

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4
Q

How can haemorrhoids be properly visualised?

A

Proctoscopy

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5
Q

What topical treatments can be given?

A

Anusol
Anusol HC - contains hydrocortisone
Germoloids cream
Proctosedyl

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6
Q

What would you advise patients for prevention?

A

Increase fibre
Good fluids intake
Laxatives when required
Avoid straining

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7
Q

What are non-surgical treatments?

A

Rubber band ligation
Injection sclerotherapy
Infra-red coagulation
Bipolar diathermy

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8
Q

What are surgical options?

A

Haemorrhoidal artery ligation - cut off blood supply
Haemorrhoidectomy
Stapled haemorrhoidectomy

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9
Q

What are thrombosed haemorrhoids

A

Strangulation of the base of the haemorrhoi

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10
Q

How do thromboses haemorrhoids present?

A

Purplish tender swollen lumps around the anus
Cannot PR easily due to pain

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11
Q

What is management of thromboses haemorrhoids?

A

Usually resolve with time (can take several weeks)
Consider admission if extremely painful as can have surgical intervention

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12
Q
A
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