Bowel cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are RFs for bowel cancer?

A

FHx
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
IBD
Increased age
Diet
Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
smoking
Alcohol

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2
Q

How is familial adenomatous polyposis inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

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3
Q

What is familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

Lot of polyps in large intestine that have the potential to become cancerousHow

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4
Q

How is familial adenomatous polyposis managed?

A

Entire large intestine removed prophylactically

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5
Q

How is HNPCC inherited?

A

autosomal dominant

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6
Q

What red flags should make you consider bowel cancer?

A

Change in bowel habit
Weight loss
Rectal bleeding
Unexplained abdominal pain
IDA
Abdo or rectal mass on exam

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7
Q

Who should have 2WW?

A

> 40 years with abdo pain and unexplained weight loss
50 years with unexplained rectal bleeding
60 years with a change in bowel habit or IDA

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8
Q

When is the FIT done ROUTINELY?

A

60 to 74 years every 2 years

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9
Q

What happens if some has a. FIT positive test?

A

Colonoscopy

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10
Q

What is the gold standard investigation?

A

Colonoscopy

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11
Q

what is the alternative investigation if they aren’t fit enough for a colonoscopy?

A

CT colonography

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12
Q

wHat is the tumour marker for bowel cancer?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen - CEA

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13
Q

How is bowel cancer staged?

A

tnm

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14
Q

What does a right hemicolectomy involve removal of ?

A

Caecum, ascending and proximal transverse colon

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15
Q

What does a left hemicolectomy involve removal of ?

A

Sigmoid colon

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16
Q

What does a low anterior resection involve removal of ?

A

Sigmoid colon and upper rectum

17
Q

What does an abdomen-perineal resection involve removal of?

A

Rectum and anus

18
Q

What does a Hartmann’s procedure involve removal of?

A

Rectosigmoid colon and creation of a colostomy

19
Q

What is low anterior resection syndrome ?

A

Urgency and frequency of bowel movements
Faecal incontinence
Difficulty controlling flatulence