Haemoptysis Flashcards
1
Q
What is haemoptysis ?
A
Coughing blood
2
Q
How do you distinguish blood from lungs and blood from the upper airways or GI Tract?
A
Blood from lungs is foamy and filled with mucus
This blood you COUGH
Blood from the upper airway or GI Tract is known haematemesis
This blood you VOMIT
3
Q
How do you define massive haemoptysis?
A
More than 100 mL in 24 hours (can vary)
4
Q
What are the common causes of haemoptysis?
A
Bronchitis
Lung cancer
Bronchiectasis
5
Q
Name 7 uncommon causes of haemoptysis
A
- Aspergilloma (could be TB cavity caused by Aspergillus)
- CHF (esp mitral stenosis – left atrial enlargement/pressure)
- Goodpasture syndrome (anti-glomerular basement membrane disease –AI– antibodies attack basement membrane in lungs and kidneys causes bleeding from lungs and kidney failure
- Pulmonary AVM (rare vascular anomalies of the lung, in which abnormally dilated vessels provide a right-to-left shunt between the pulmonary artery and vein)
- PE/Infarction
- TB (caseous granuloma)
- Wegener’s granulomatosis – now known as granulomatosis with polyangitis (inflammation of the blood vessels in your nose, sinuses, throat, lungs and kidneys, is a type of vasculitis)
