haemopoieses and bone marrow - W1

Question 1

what is Haemopoiesis

Answer 1

the highly regulated development of blood cells

Question 2

what does ‘haem’ refer to

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

what does poiesis refer to

Answer 3

to make

Question 4

what is the plasma

Answer 4

liquid part of the blood

Question 5

what does the plasma contain

Answer 5

salts
minerals
proteins
hormones

Question 6

what doe red blood cells contain

Answer 6

• protein called haemoglobin

Question 7

what does haemoglobin carry

Answer 7

oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

Question 8

what are white blood cells part of

Answer 8

the bodys immune system

Question 9

what do white blood cells help fight

Answer 9

infection and other disease

Question 10

what are platelets

Answer 10

tiny disc shaped cells with no nucleus

Question 11

what are platelets involved in

Answer 11

clotting

Question 12

what is the order of density of blood cells

Answer 12

high to low

1. red blood cells
2. Buffy coat (WBCs, platelets)
3. plasma

Question 13

how small are platelets

Answer 13

very small

Question 14

which white blood cell has 3,4 or 5 lobes

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

what colour are neutrophils

Answer 15

pinkish/purple

Question 16

how big are neutrophils

Answer 16

relatively large

Question 17

what are lymphocytes smaller than

Answer 17

neutrophils

Question 18

what white blood cell has a thin rim of pale cytoplasm

Answer 18

lymphocyte

Question 19

does lymphocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 19

yes, with condensed chromatin

Question 20

what are monocytes larger than

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

what does monocytes usually have

Answer 21

blue cytoplasm, often with vacuoles

Question 22

do monocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 22

yes, usually indented

Question 23

what colour are eosinophils

Answer 23

distinct orange/red large granules

Question 24

is it common to see an eosinophil

Answer 24

fairly uncommon, may not see in healthy blood film

Question 25

what is the description of nucleus of basophils

Answer 25

nucleus is obscured by large cytoplasmic granules when stained

Question 26

are basophils common

Answer 26

no, least common white blood cells

Question 27

what is the life span of red blood cells

Answer 27

100-120 days

Question 28

what is the life span of WBC

Answer 28

1-3 days

Question 29

what is the platelet lifespan

Answer 29

7- 10 days

Question 30

how many RBCs are made a day

Answer 30

200 billion

Question 31

how many WBCs are made per day

Answer 31

20 billion

Question 32

how many platelets are made per ay

Answer 32

400 billion

Question 33

where is the primary location of haemopoiesis in adults

Answer 33

bone marrow - make up 5% of body mass

Question 34

what is red marrow

Answer 34

haemopoietic tissue

Question 35

what does red marrow contain

Answer 35

blood stem cells that become RBC WBC and platelets

Question 36

what is yellow marrow

Answer 36

mostly fat

Question 37

what does yellow marrow mostly contain

Answer 37

stem cells that can become cartilage, fat or bone cells replaces red marrow as well age

Question 38

what does the yolk sac produce

Answer 38

haemopoietic blood cells and important structures like the umbilical cord

Question 39

what can the yolk sac provide the embryo

Answer 39

nourishment helps circulate gasses between the mother and embryo

Question 40

what is the primary location of haemopoiesis in embryos

Answer 40

the yolk sac

Question 41

what makes up haemopoietic tissue

Answer 41

stem cells immature cells

Question 42

what are non-haemopoieotic cells

Answer 42

stromal cells fibro blasts macrophages

Question 43

what are vascular sinuses

Answer 43

vascular spaces lines with endothelial cells

Question 44

what cluster around vascular sinuses

Answer 44

haemopoietic cells they mature before being discharged into blood

Question 45

what are some examples of cytokines

Answer 45

stem cell factor (SCFs) interleukins

Question 46

what are examples of growth factors

Answer 46

colony stimulating factora

Question 47

what are hormones in haemopoiesis

Answer 47

erythropoietin (EPO) thrombopoietin

Question 48

what are environmental factors of haemopoiesis

Answer 48

O2 concentration

Question 49

what can have detrimental affect on haemopoiesis

Answer 49

disease or damage to bone marrow e.g infection, radiation

Question 50

what is IL5

Answer 50

the eosinophil CSF

Question 51

what does erythropoietin act on

Answer 51

erythroid precursors to stimulate red blood cell

Question 52

what does thrombopoeitin act on

Answer 52

megakaryocytic to stimulate platelet production

Question 53

how is haemopoiesis analysed

Answer 53

bone marrow sample

Question 54

what is aspiration

Answer 54

collection of the liquid part of bone marrow

Question 55

what is biopsy

Answer 55

collection of a very thin 1-3cm piece of solid bone marrow

Question 56

where Is bone marrow collected from

Answer 56

pelvis sternum or femur

Question 57

what are the two examples of flow cytometry

Answer 57

- bone marrow aspirate - bone marrow trephine biopsy core

Question 58

What is a granulocyte

Answer 58

WBC that has small granules Not lymphocyte and monocyfe