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blood science > haemopoieses and bone marrow - W1 > Flashcards

haemopoieses and bone marrow - W1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is Haemopoiesis

A

the highly regulated development of blood cells

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2
Q

what does ‘haem’ refer to

A

blood

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3
Q

what does poiesis refer to

A

to make

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4
Q

what is the plasma

A

liquid part of the blood

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5
Q

what does the plasma contain

A

salts
minerals
proteins
hormones

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6
Q

what doe red blood cells contain

A
  • protein called haemoglobin
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7
Q

what does haemoglobin carry

A

oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

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8
Q

what are white blood cells part of

A

the bodys immune system

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9
Q

what do white blood cells help fight

A

infection and other disease

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10
Q

what are platelets

A

tiny disc shaped cells with no nucleus

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11
Q

what are platelets involved in

A

clotting

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12
Q

what is the order of density of blood cells

A

high to low

  1. red blood cells
  2. Buffy coat (WBCs, platelets)
  3. plasma
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13
Q

how small are platelets

A

very small

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14
Q

which white blood cell has 3,4 or 5 lobes

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

what colour are neutrophils

A

pinkish/purple

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16
Q

how big are neutrophils

A

relatively large

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17
Q

what are lymphocytes smaller than

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

what white blood cell has a thin rim of pale cytoplasm

A

lymphocyte

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19
Q

does lymphocytes have a nucleus?

A

yes, with condensed chromatin

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20
Q

what are monocytes larger than

A

lymphocytes

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21
Q

what does monocytes usually have

A

blue cytoplasm, often with vacuoles

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22
Q

do monocytes have a nucleus?

A

yes, usually indented

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23
Q

what colour are eosinophils

A

distinct orange/red large granules

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24
Q

is it common to see an eosinophil

A

fairly uncommon, may not see in healthy blood film

25
Q

what is the description of nucleus of basophils

A

nucleus is obscured by large cytoplasmic granules when stained

26
Q

are basophils common

A

no, least common white blood cells

27
Q

what is the life span of red blood cells

A

100-120 days

28
Q

what is the life span of WBC

A

1-3 days

29
Q

what is the platelet lifespan

A

7- 10 days

30
Q

how many RBCs are made a day

A

200 billion

31
Q

how many WBCs are made per day

A

20 billion

32
Q

how many platelets are made per ay

A

400 billion

33
Q

where is the primary location of haemopoiesis in adults

A

bone marrow - make up 5% of body mass

34
Q

what is red marrow

A

haemopoietic tissue

35
Q

what does red marrow contain

A

blood stem cells that become RBC WBC and platelets

36
Q

what is yellow marrow

A

mostly fat

37
Q

what does yellow marrow mostly contain

A

stem cells that can become cartilage, fat or bone cells

replaces red marrow as well age

38
Q

what does the yolk sac produce

A

haemopoietic blood cells and important structures like the umbilical cord

39
Q

what can the yolk sac provide the embryo

A

nourishment

helps circulate gasses between the mother and embryo

40
Q

what is the primary location of haemopoiesis in embryos

A

the yolk sac

41
Q

what makes up haemopoietic tissue

A

stem cells

immature cells

42
Q

what are non-haemopoieotic cells

A

stromal cells

fibro blasts

macrophages

43
Q

what are vascular sinuses

A

vascular spaces lines with endothelial cells

44
Q

what cluster around vascular sinuses

A

haemopoietic cells

they mature before being discharged into blood

45
Q

what are some examples of cytokines

A

stem cell factor (SCFs)

interleukins

46
Q

what are examples of growth factors

A

colony stimulating factora

47
Q

what are hormones in haemopoiesis

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

thrombopoietin

48
Q

what are environmental factors of haemopoiesis

A

O2 concentration

49
Q

what can have detrimental affect on haemopoiesis

A

disease or damage to bone marrow

e.g infection, radiation

50
Q

what is IL5

A

the eosinophil CSF

51
Q

what does erythropoietin act on

A

erythroid precursors to stimulate red blood cell

52
Q

what does thrombopoeitin act on

A

megakaryocytic to stimulate platelet production

53
Q

how is haemopoiesis analysed

A

bone marrow sample

54
Q

what is aspiration

A

collection of the liquid part of bone marrow

55
Q

what is biopsy

A

collection of a very thin 1-3cm piece of solid bone marrow

56
Q

where Is bone marrow collected from

A

pelvis

sternum

or femur

57
Q

what are the two examples of flow cytometry

A
  • bone marrow aspirate
  • bone marrow trephine biopsy core
58
Q

What is a granulocyte

A

WBC that has small granules

Not lymphocyte and monocyfe

blood science (8 decks)

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