Haemophilus spp

Question 1

Characteristics

Answer 1

Gram negative, coccobacillus, pleomorphic, non-motile

Question 2

Growth requirement

Answer 2

Fastidious - Factor X or V in blood
Chocolate agar provide both
Facultative anaerobes (5-10% of co2)
Staphylococcus aureus also provide X factor

Question 3

Preparation of blood agar

Answer 3

Add agar powder > Add on water > autoclave to sterilize and dissolve in 210 Celsius > In liquid form when 50 Celsius add blood (horse or sheep) > solidify for few hours

Question 4

Adding chocolates procedure

Answer 4

Inoculated plaate was put in glass jar > light on the candle > Close the jar > CO2 is released > Incubate in 27 Celsius

Question 5

Host and disease

H. felis

Answer 5

Cat - rhinitis, conjuctivitis

Question 6

Host and disease
H. influenzaemurium

Answer 6

Rodents - respiratory, ocular disease

Question 7

Host and disease
H. haemoglobinophilus

Answer 7

Rabbit - mucoid enteritis

Question 8

Host and disease
H. parasuis

Answer 8

Pig - glassers disease, septicemia, myositis, meningitis

Question 9

Host and disease
Avibacterium paragallinarum (previously H. paragallinarum)

Answer 9

Chicken - infectious coryza (catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose)

Question 10

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Clinical signs

Answer 10

Swelling of the infraorbital region, oculonasal discharge, swollen wattles, diarrhea and inappetence

Question 11

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Economical importances

Answer 11

Decreased feed and water consumption retard growth in young stock and reduces egg production in laying flocks

Question 12

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Transmission

Answer 12

Respiratory route or through contact with contaminated drinking water

Question 13

Virulence factor

Answer 13

Polysaccharide capsule
- mediate attachment of the organism to cilia of the nasal mucosa

Question 14

Lab diagnosis

Answer 14

CS
Samples from sinus fluid, tracheal exudates, and nasal swabs
Serology - Hemagglutination inhibition
PCR

Question 15

Growth condition

Answer 15

Blood agar and chocolate agar
5-10% co2
37 celcius for 24-48

Question 16

Treatment, prevention and control

Answer 16

Vaccination
Antibiotics in feed or water (Macrolides, sulfonamides, or tetracycline)
Good management
- Depopulate flock
- All in or all our flow of birds
- replace the infected birds

(cannot slaughter within 2 weeks of administration)