haemolysis Flashcards
1
Q
consequences of haemolysis
A
- erythroid hyperplasia
- bilirubin
2
Q
types of haemolysis
A
- extravascular (mainly liver and spleen)
- intravascular (cells destroyed in blood)
3
Q
Extravascular red cell destruction
A
- commoner
- hyperplasia at sight of destruction
- hepatomegaly or splenomegaly
- unconjugated bilirubinaemia
- jaundice
- gall stones
NORMAL PRODUCTS IN EXCESS
4
Q
Intravascular red cell destruction
A
- haemoglobinaemia
- haemoglobinuria (pink urine, turns black on standing)
- haemosiderinuria
- methaemalbuminaemia
- can be life threatening
- abnormal products
5
Q
causes of intravascular
A
- ABO incompatible blood transfusion
- G6PD deficiency
- severe falciparum malaria (blackwater fever)
- paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
6
Q
causes of haemolysis (acquired)
A
- autoimmune haemolysis
- alloimmune haemolysis
7
Q
Autoimmune haemolysis
A
- warm IgG
idiopathic (common)
SLE
CLL
penicillin - Cold IgM
idiopathic
EBV
Mycoplasma
lymphoproliferative disorders
can be identified by direct Coombs test
8
Q
Alloimmune haemolysis
A
- haemolytic transfusion reaction
immediate (IgM)
delayed (IgG)
9
Q
causes of mechanical red cell destruction
A
- DIC
- haemolytic uraemia syndrome
- Leaking heart valve
- infection - malaria
- thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
