Haematology

Question 1

Which genetic condition is associated with ALL?

Answer 1

Down’s syndrome

Question 2

Which type of leukaemia do myeloproliferative disorders transform into?

E.g. thrombocythaemia, polycythaemia vera

Answer 2

AML

Question 3

________________ seen in AML blood films?

Answer 3

Auer rods

Question 4

Which leukaemia is the philadelphia chromosome involved in?

Answer 4

CML

But in ALL –> poorer prognosis.

Question 5

Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer 5

VWF (can’t be cleaved) and platelets cause thrombosis in capillaries.

Causes haemolysis as RBC passes through.

> Anaemia
Thrombocytopaenia
Microangiopathic
Fever
Neurological symptoms

Acquired antibodies against ADAMTS13 or mutation (rare)

Question 6

Why is TTP an emergency?

Answer 6

Life-threatening due to small thrombi, causing organ ischaemia/failure

Requires plasmapheresis.

Question 7

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome presentation

Answer 7

1. AKI - e.g. decreased urine output
2. Haemolytic anaemia
3. Thrombocytopenia (bruising)

Shiga toxins damage endothelium in blood vessels, particularly renal vessels. This causes microthrombi (platelet aggregation and clots) formation in capillaries (Thrombotic microangiopathy) and causes haemolysis. Thus causes purpura and AKI.