Haematology Flashcards
indications - erythrocytes
anaemia
erythrocytosis
indications - leukocytes
infl conditions
neoplastic conditions
chemotherapy
indications - platelets
bleeding disorders
DIC
indications - plasma
colour
Packed cell volume
allows buffy coat assessment
plasma - clear/straw or pink if haemolysed
total protein measurement
CBC - erythrocytes
RBC conc HGB - total haemoglobin HCT - hematocrit + spun PCV MCV - mean cell volume MCH - mean cell haemoglobin MCHC - mean cell haemoglobin conc RDW - red cell distribution width
how to classify anemia
mild, moderate, severe
MCV - normo/micro/macrocytic
HCHC - normo/hyochromic (RBC conc)
regenerative or non
MCV - mean cell volume
average volume of a single cell
normocytic
RBCs of unremarkable size
often associated with mild non-regenerative anemia, acute haemorrhage
microcytic
red cell haemoglobin conc determines when division stops - Fe deficiency allows 1 more division - smaller RBCs
PSS, Fe deficiency, hepatic failure
akitas (breed)
macrocytic
in regeneration - polychromatophils larger the mature reds
some poodles
normo/hypochromic
haemoglobin conc
MCHC/MCH on panel
decreased in iron deficiency/poor iron incorporation
hyperchromic
not possible - haemolysis
regenerative anaemia
haemolysis
haemorrhage
non-regenerative anaemia
anaemia of infl/chronic disease
chronic renal failure
decreased production in marrow
reticulocytes
on diif-quik or giemsa stains young cells with ribosomal RNA show up larger, bluer cells - polychromatophils
same cells stained with new methylene blue and the RNA precipitates forming aggregates/reticulum - reticulocytes
reticulocytes in cats
released as aggregate retics, mature to punctate retics over time
RBC morphology
spherocytes, ghost cells hypochromasia/leptocytosis shear products oxidative damage organisms
components of a CBC (complete blood count)
total white blood cells (WBC)
neutro/eosino/basophils
lympho/monocytes
leukocytes
normal - 100 cells/10x10*9/L
morphology - neutrophils - left shift, toxicity
left shift classification
regenerative left shift - neutrophilia, segmented > bands
degenerative left shift - neutropenia, bands > segmented
acute leukemias
blast cells in circulation
much more likely to be lymphoid
if signs of segmentation - myeloid, myelomonocytic
immunophenotyping - flow cytometer
chronic leukemias
CLL - lymphocytes appear small, mature - persistent high numbers
CML - neutrophils appear normal - persistent high numbers
