Antimicrobial Therapy - Residues

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Absorption  - route of administration 
Distribution - lipophilicity, barriers, kPa 
Activation - some medicines need this 
Metabolisation - breakdown products 
Clearance - bile, urine (sweat, breath)

Question 2

Cascade

Answer 2

7 days for milk

28 days for meat

Question 3

Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) - when not to use

Answer 3

birds producing eggs for human consumption

layer replacement birds within 14 days of coming into lay

Question 4

Chloramphenicol - when not to use

Answer 4

Aplastic Anaemia, 1 in 20,000, especially after oral
consumption
Bone marrow suppression
Very lipophilic

Question 5

Metronidazole - when not to use

Answer 5

Carcinogenic

Not for food producing animals

Question 6

testing for residues - Milk

Answer 6

mainly beta-lactam, done at the dairy

Question 7

testing for residues - Meat

Answer 7

kidney test, done at abbatoir in case of suspicion and targeted surveillance