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PATH3309 > Haematological Malignancies > Flashcards

Haematological Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of haematological malignancies?

A

Lymphoid malignancies

Myeloid Malignancies

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2
Q

What % of T cells are in blood?

A

70-85%

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3
Q

What % of B cells are in blood?

A

15-30%

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4
Q

What is contained in the Lymph node structure?

A

1 and 2 follicles

Germinal centres

Mantle zone

Interfollicular zone

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5
Q

What is the WHO classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms?

A 
Precurser Lymphoid Neoplasms
Mature B-cell neoplasms (85% of cases)
        - Chronic B cell leukaemia
        - Non-hodgkin lymphoma
        - Plasma cell neoplasms
Mature T- and natural killer cell neoplasms
         - Chronic T cell and NK cell leukaemias
         - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
          - Hodgkin Lymphoma
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6
Q

Name a type of lymphoblast malignancy?

A

Lymphoblastic leukaemia

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7
Q

Name a type of Mature B-cell malignancy?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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8
Q

What is a type of lymphoma?

A

Follicular Lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
Diffuse large B cell
Hodgkin lymphoma

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9
Q

What is a type of End-stage B-cell malignancy?

A

Multiple myeloma

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10
Q

Broadly, what is precurser lymphoid Leukaemia?

A

Neoplastic proliferation of precurser cells committed to B or T lymphoid lineage

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11
Q

What sort of cell does precurser lymphoid leukaemia occur in?

A

Somatic mutation in progenitor cell

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of precurser lymphoid leukaemia?

A

Bone Marrow failure - anaemia, infection, bleed

Organ infiltration: lymph nodes, spleen, liver, thymus

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13
Q

How is precurser lymphoid leumaemia diagnosed?

A

Blood and bone marrow examination

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14
Q

What is prognosis for adults and children with PLL?

A 
Child = good
Adult = poor
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15
Q

What is the primary example of precurser lymphoid leukaemia?

A

Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

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16
Q

What is the morphology for LL?

A

Immature cells
Fine chromatin
Nucleolus, variable amounts of cytoplasm

17
Q

What cell type does LL effect?

A

B and T

18
Q

What is the B phenotype for LL cells?

A

CD10, CD19, cCD79a, TdT

19
Q

What is the T phenotype for LL cells?

A

CD2, 3, 7, (CD4/8), TdT

20
Q

What is the cytogenetics for lymphoblastic leukaemia?

A

Hyperdiploidy; t(9, 22); t(12;21); t(1;19); t(4;11)

Can involve Ig or TCR genes

21
Q

What cytogenetic make up is most common in babies?

A

t(4;11)

22
Q

What is the most common cytogenetic makeup in adults?

A

t(9;22)

23
Q

What is greatest survival chance cytogenetic makeup?

A

t(12;21) hyperdiploidy good prognosis, frequent in children

24
Q

What is worst survival prognosis?

A

t(9,22)

25
Q

What are some examples of Mature B celll neoplasms?

A 
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Non hodgkin lymphoma
         - Follicular lymphoma
         - Burkitt lymphoma
         - Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
End Stage B cell: Multiple myeloma
26
Q

What is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?

A

Mature B cell neoplasm

Neoplastic proliferation of mature B lymphoid cells

27
Q

What is chronic lymphocytic leukaemias symptoms?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Infections

28
Q

What age group is effected by CLL?

A

Adults and elderly

29
Q

What is morphology of CLL?

A

Small, mautre lymphocytosis with smear cells
Minimal cytoplasm
Condensed chromatin

30
Q

What is CLL immunophenotype?

A

CD19, CD23, kfk, CD5

PATH3309 (14 decks)

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