4. Cancer Epidemiology Flashcards
What is epidemiology?
A branch of medical science dealing with incidence, distribution and control of disease
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Study of distributions (What, when)
What is analytical epidemiology?
Study of determinants, why, how
Why should cancer occurrence be studied?
Aid research, prioritization of health care
Stimulate hypotheses regarding cause of cancer
What does prevalence refer to?
The total number of cases in a population
What does incidence refer to?
The number of new cases in a population
What does mortality refer to?
Number of deaths in population due to disease
Does prevalence take into account the number of people changing over time?
No
How do you calculate crude incidence?
Incidence = Number of new cases in year X / Number of persons at risk of the disease during year X * 100 000
What are the most common cancers in Australia?
- Prostate
- Colorectal
- Breast
- Melanoma
- Lung
What are the most common cancers in the age group 0-14?
- Lymphatic Leukaemia
- Brain / Central Nervous System
- Lymphomas
- Kidney
- Connective Tissue
What are the most common cancers in the age group, 15-44?
- Melanoma
- Breast
- All lymphoma
- Thyroid
- Testis
Most common cancers in ages 45-64?
- Breast
- Prostate
- Colorectal
- Melanoma
- Lung
What is the most common cancer in ages 65+?
- Prostate
- Colorectal
- Lung
- Breast
- Melanoma
What are mortality rates affected by?
Incidence
Prognosis
What cancer has the highest mortality among men?
Lung cancer
What cancer has the highest incidence among men?
Prostate
What cancer has the highest mortality rate among women?
Lung cancer
What cancer has the highest incidence rate among women?
Breast
What are cancer rates affected by?
Genetics Living/working conditions Healthcare - Prevention - Diagnosis - Treatment Registration Systems
What do observational studies do?
Find associations between risk factors and cancer
Find potential interactions between factors
What are some internal risk factors?
Genetics
Age
What are some external risk factors?is
Lifestyle factors Environmental Medication Hormones Viruses
How does a case control study design work?
Get two groups, one with cancer one without
Separate both groups into another two groups
One exposed to X and those who werent
