Hæmatologi, Leukocytter Flashcards

1
Q

Angiv primær og sekundær lokalisation for leukocytter

A

Produceres i knoglemarven

Sekundær: lymfeknuder, tonsiller, BALT, GALT, milt

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2
Q

Hvornår kan der ses forhøjet leukocyttal

A
  • inflammation: akut, kronisk
  • stress: glukokortikoid
  • ophidselse: ephinephrin
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3
Q

Hvornår kan der ses toxiske neutrofile

A

Ved accelereret produktion og endotoxæmi

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4
Q

Hvad ses ved toxiske neutrofile

A

Cytoplasmatiske forandringer

  • basophili
  • vakuolering
  • Döhle bodies (blå/grå prikker i cytoplasma) (normalt hos kat)
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5
Q

Angiv 4 årsager til neutrofili

A
  • stress, Cushing
  • ophidselse
  • inflammation, paraneoplastisk
  • myeloid leukemi
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6
Q

Angiv 2 årsager til neutropeni

A
  • perakut inflammation

- virusinfektion, knoglemarvs suppression

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7
Q

Angiv 3 årsager til monocytosis

A
  • stress, Cushing
  • kronisk inflammation, paraneoplastisk
  • myeloid leukemi
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8
Q

Er monocytopeni relevant

A

Nej

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9
Q

Angiv 5 årsager til lymfocytose

A
  • unge dyr
  • frygt, ophidselse
  • Mb. Addison
  • kronisk inflammation
  • leukemi
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10
Q

Angiv 3 årsager til lymfocytopeni

A
  • Cushing
  • akut inflammation/viral
  • leukemi (meget lav)
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11
Q

Angiv 4 årsager til eosinofili

A
  • hypersensitivitets reaktion (allergi)
  • parasit infektion med vævs migration
  • Mb. Addison
  • hyper-eosinophili syndrom
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12
Q

Er eosinopeni relevant

A

Nej

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13
Q

Angiv 4 årsager til basofili

A

Ofte set med eosinofili

  • hypersensitivitets reaktion (allergi)
  • parasit infektion
  • drug reaktion
  • neoplasi
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14
Q

Er basopeni relevant

A

Nej

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15
Q

Angiv 4 typiske leukocyt-mønster ændringer

A
  • leukopeni
  • fysiologisk leukocytose: adrenalin induceret
  • stress/steriod lekogram
  • inflammatorisk leukogram: perakut, akut, kronisk
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16
Q

Angiv 2 parametre der giver en dårlig prognose ved leukopeni

A
  • persisterende stigende leukopeni

- degenerativ left shift: båndformet > segmenteret

17
Q

Hvad inducerer stress-leukogram

A

Steriod-induceret

  • Cushing
  • steriodbehandling
  • traume
  • sygdomsstress
18
Q

Hvilke forandringer ses der ved stress leukogram

A
  • mild/moderat leukocytose
  • modne neutrofile
  • lymfopeni
  • eosinopeni
  • monocytosis
19
Q

Tommelfingerregel: angiv leukocyt/neutrofil ratio for hhv. virus og bakteriel infektion

A

Bakteriel: N! / L ratio > 1
Viral: N / L! ratio

20
Q

Perakut inflammatorisk leukogram: angiv celleantal og varighed

A
  • leukopeni
  • neutropeni: lav antal segmenteret, normal båndformet
    Varighed: 1-6 timer
21
Q

Akut inflammatorisk leukogram: angiv celleantal og varighed

A
  • leukocytosis
  • neutrofili
  • left shift
  • (toxiske neutrofile)
  • (stressleukogram)
    Varighed: 6-8 timer efter infektion
22
Q

Kronisk inflammatorisk leukogram: angiv celleantal og varighed

A
  • leukocytosis
  • neutrofili
  • ingen/mild venstreforskydning
  • (monocytosis)
  • lymfocytosis/peni
    Varighed: efter dage/uger
23
Q

Angiv årsager til ekstrem neutrofil leukocytosis

A
  • pyometra
  • peritonitis
  • pleuritis
  • prostatitis
  • leukemi
  • autoimmun hæmolytis anæmi
24
Q

Angiv hovedfunktionerne af blodplader

A
  • hæmostasis

- inflammatorisk: cytokin produktion

25
Q

Angiv årsager til thrombocytopeni

A
  • nedsat produktion: infektion, knoglemarvs destruktion
  • øget destruktion
  • sequestration (hypersplenisme)
  • øget forbrug: DIC, blødning
  • race