Haem Flashcards
what genetic condition is associated with ALL?
downs syndrome
what clinical signs may be present during ALL?
lymphadenopathy
HSM
what are DD for ALL?
bruising (immune thrombocytopenia) recurrent infections (immune deficiency) lymphadenopathy CNS symptoms aplastic anaemia
what fluid requirements will a child with ALL need?
will require hyperhydration, to prevent hyper viscosity due to high WBC count
how long is maintenance treatment required for girls and boys?
Maintenance treatment is 2 years for girls and 3 years for boys.
state some complications of ALL?
Infertility, avascular necrosis, peripheral neuropathy and anxiety
what virus is associated with lymphoma?
Epstein-Barr Virus
what medication can be used for tumour lysis syndrome?
Allopurinol or rasburicase
hyper hydration is also required
what is tumour lysis syndrome ?
rapid lysis of tumour cells causes release of large amounts of phosphorus, potassium and calcium leading to potential kidney damage. This is most likely to occur when chemotherapy is first commenced
what is used to manage a potentially compromised airway from mediastinal masses?
airway support and high dose steroids
what is the name of Nephroblastoma?
Wilms tumour
what age is most affected by Nephroblastoma?
3 and a half years old
what type of genes are associated with Nephroblastoma?
tumour suppressor genes
state three syndromes that have an increased risk of Nephroblastoma?
WAGR
Denys-drash
Beck with-Wiedemann
what does WAGR syndrome stand for?
Wilm’s tumour, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations, and Retardation
what will be found on examination for Wilms tumour?
abdo distension
unilateral or bilateral palpable renal masses
HTN
what are DD for Wilms tumour?
Polycystic kidney disease
hydronephrosis
neuroblastoma
what would neuroblastoma present with?
HTN, abdo pain, fever
what clinical signs would be seen with neuroblastoma?
periorbital ecchymosis
abdominal mass which crosses the midline
what are the 5 stages of nephroblastoma?
1- confined to kidney 2- spread beyond the kidney 3- spread to lymph nodes 4- distant mets 5- bilateral tumours
what stages can be treated with surgery (nephrectomy) ?
stage 1 and 2
What percentage of childhood cancers does nephroblastoma account for?
5%
What is the most common malignant differential diagnosis of nephroblasoma of an abdominal mass in a pre-school child?
neuroblastoma
What initial imaging test is done when an abdominal mass is present?
US
What is the initial management of nephroblastoma?
supportive
Where do Wilms tumours most commonly metastasise to?
lung
What percentage of patients with metastatic disease of nephroblastoma are expected to be cured?
85%
