Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

year 4 onlines miscellaneous > haem > Flashcards

haem Flashcards

1
Q

how do you monitor LMWH

A

anti-Xa assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does LMWH work

A

inactivated factor Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do you monitor unfractionated heparin

A

APTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin K antagonis

A

warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do you monitor warfarin

A

INR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does dabigratan work

A

direct thrombin inhibior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

monitoring for dabigatran?

A

none required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does rivaroxaban work

A

block Xa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

monitoring for rivaroxaban?

A

none needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resistance to the natural anticoagulant protein C

A

factor V leiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common inherited thrombophilia

A

factor V leiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

deficiency of factor VIII

A

haemophilia A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deficiency of factor IX

A

Haemophilia B

christmas disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in a single clotting factor deficiency (haemophlia), what increased

A

APTT increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in a multiple clotting factor deficiency, what increases

A

PT and APTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of multiple clotting factor deficiecny

A

Vit K deficieincy
Liver disease
Warfarin
DIC- sepsis, obstetric emergencies, malignancy, hypolvolaemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand factor deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

male with sternal pain, multiple lytic lesions, what invetsigation do you do>

A

protein electrophoresis

looking for bence jones protein as this is melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bleeding into breast, has haemophilia B, what do you give?

A

factor 9 precipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens to calcium in myeloma

A

hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dad has haemophilia and wife is pregnant with son, which test?

A

no test, as X linked so dad cant give it to boy as son receives Y from dad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

on warfrain for heart valve, INR is 8 but he isnt bleeding, what do you do

A

5mg oral vit K

and stop warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

on warfarin , having a major bleed, what do you do

A

IV Vit K and prothrombin complex (or FFP)

and stop warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

on warfarin and INR >8 and minor bleeding, what do you do

A

stop warfarin

IV vit K 1-3mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
INR 5-8 and minor bleeding | what do you do
stop warfrain | Iv vit K 1-.3mg
26
INR 5-8 with no bleeding what do you do
withhold a couple of warfarin doses
27
at what INR can you restart warfarin
<5
28
target INR if AF
2.5
29
high MCV
macrocytic anaemia
30
low MCV
microcytic anaemia
31
how would you look at RBC morphology
blood film
32
what might cause a high retic count
haemolysis | bleeding
33
what can cause a normocytic anaemia
chronic diseasee pregnancy haemolysis acute blood loss
34
what is microcytic anaemia
whennot enough Hb can be made due to lack or glob, lack of iron so small cells get produced with low Hb content
35
what causes microcytic anaemia
iron deficicney thalasaemia structure Hb variants
36
what kind of mutations do you get in thalassaemia
point mutations normally autosomal recessive
37
what is macrocytic anaemia
red cells have a larger volume than nomral
38
what is a megaloblast
abnormally large nucleated red cell presurosr with an immature nucelus (remember red cells dont have a nucleus!)
39
what happens in megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia
defects in DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation, thinks it has enough Hb so doesnt divide to become smaller
40
what causes megaloblastic macrocytic anamia
B12 and folate deficiency | pernicious anaemia
41
what happens in pernicious anaemia
autoimmine destruction of gastric parietal cells so no intrinsic factor to absorb B12 need B12 injections for life
42
anti- intrinsic factor | anti- gastric parietal cell
pernicous anamia
43
causes of non megaloblastic anaemia
alcohol hypothyroidism liver disease marrow failure
44
what can cause a false (spurious) macrocytosis
reticulocytosis | cold agglutinin disease
45
state of iron in haem
Fe2+
46
how to test for functional iron
Hb
47
test for transported iron
transferrin sat %
48
test for stored iron
ferritin
49
where is iron absorbed
duodenum
50
where is folate absorbed
jejunum
51
where is B12 absorbed
ileum
52
causes of iron deficiency?
not taking enough in- veggie/ vegna/ pregnant losing blood- heavy periods, IBD, ulcer, NSAIDS, malignancy not absorbing- coeliac, IBD
53
primary iron overload
haemochromatosis
54
secondary iron overload causes
many many blood transfusions thalassaemia sideroblastic anaemias myelodysplasia
55
inheritance pattern for sickle cell
autosomal recessive
56
best test to confirm sickle cell ( HbS)
haemoglobin high performance liquids chromotography test
57
what is a sideroblast
when iron gets depositied in mitochondria and forms a ring around the nucleus seen in siderblastic anaemia
58
most common inherited haemolytic anaemia
hereditary spherocytosis autosomal dominant sphere shaped RBC which gets destrpyed by spleen
59
how to test for hereditary spherecytosis
osmotic fragility test
60
what is haemolysis
premature red cell destruction
61
test to confirm haemolysis
coombs test
62
cold autoimmune haemolysis
IgM
63
warm autoimmune haemolysis
IgG
64
name some causes of haemolysis
autoimmune burns, infection sickle cell G6PD deficiency
65
Heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
66
pencil cells
iron deficiency
67
spherocyres
autoimmune haemolysis | herediatry spherocytosis
68
tear drops
megaloblastic anaemia | bone marrow fibrosis
69
fragments
mechanical destruction | seen in haemolysis
70
leucoertythroblastic blood film
bone marrow infiltration/ fibrosis
71
hypersegmented neutrophils
B12/folate def
72
reactive lymphocutes
EBV, glandyalr fever
73
target cells
liver dysfunction | iron deficiency
74
howell jolly bodies
hyposplenism
75
what is leukaemia
cancer of the white blood cells
76
most common childhood cancer
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
77
cancer of the lymphoid cells- B and T lineages affected
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) get proloferation of immature blast cells and tehy get released into the blood before they are mature they are not as effective as the mature white blood cells leaving you more vulnerable for infection
78
high or low WCC in ALL
high (but its immature cells) (blasts)
79
auer rod
acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
80
how can you tell the difference between acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
take a bone marrow aspirate and do immunophenotyping
81
the most common leukaemia often found incidentally
chronic lymphoblastic (CLL)
82
accumulation of mature B cells that have escaped cell death
chronic lymphoblastic (CLL)
83
skye high lymphocytes
chronic lymphoblastic (CLL)
84
smudge cells
chronic lymphoblatic (CLL)
85
proliferation of myeloid cells in bone marrow
chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
86
philadelphia chromosome (tyrosine kinase)
chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
87
high WCC, esp neutrophils!!
chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
88
how to you treat chronic myeloid leukaemia
tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib)
89
what can cause enlarged lymph nodes
``` lymphoma infectyion connective tissue disease mets leukaemia ```
90
alcohol induced pain
hodgkins lymphoma
91
smooth rubber non tender lymph nodes
lymphoma
92
proliferation of lymphocytes which accumulate in lymph nodes
lymphoma
93
reed sternberg cells mirror image nuclei
hodgkins lymphoma
94
plasma cell malignancy
myeloma
95
paraproetin protein produced
myeloma
96
pepper pot skull
myeloma
97
most common type of myeloma
IgG
98
signs of myeloma
``` lytic bone disease hypercalcaemia thrombocytopenia renal failure anaemia more infections ```
99
how to check for paraprotein
electrophoresis
100
bence jone protein
myeloma
101
rouleaux formation-stacked red cells
myeloma
102
deficiency of all blood cells
pancytopenia
103
what can cause pancytopenia
bone marrow failure ( decreased production) | hypersplenisim (increased destruction)
104
proliferation of RBC
PRV
105
increased blood viscosity headache itch (after hot bath) fatigue
PRV
106
Jak 2 mutation
PRV
107
uncontrolled production of abnormal platelets | proliferation of megakaryocytes
essential thrombocythaemia
108
proliferation of fibroblasts
myelofibrosis
109
tear drop RBC | leucoerythroblastic appearance on film
myelofibrosis

year 4 onlines miscellaneous (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions