Habituation Flashcards
Habituation
A decrease in the strength or occurrence of a behavior after repeated exposure to the stimulus that produces that behavior.
Sensory adaptation
reduced responsiveness in a sensory receptor or sensory system caused by prolonged or repeated stimulation. The adaptation may be specific, for example, to the orientation of a particular stimulus.
Orienting Response
An organism’s innate reaction to a novel stimulus.
Dishabituation
A renewal of a response, previously habituated, that occurs when the organism is presented with a novel stimulus.
Spontaneous recovery
Reappearance (or increase in strength) of a previously habituated response after a short period of no stimulus presentation.
Sensitization
A phenomenon in which a salient stimulus (such as an electric shock) temporarily increases the strength of responses to other stimuli.
Desensitization
a reduction in emotional or physical reactivity to stimuli that is achieved by such means as deconditioning techniques.
Dual Process Theory
The theory that habituation and sensitization are independent of each other but operate in parallel.
Opponent Process Theory
a theory that a stimulus or event simultaneously arouses a primary affective state, which may be pleasurable or aversive, and an opponent (opposite) affective state, which serves to reduce the intensity of the primary state
Standard Pattern of Affective Dynamics
the five distinctive features: the peak of the primary affective reaction, the adaptation phase, the steady level, the peak of the affective after-reaction, and, finally, the decay of the after-reaction.
Novel Object Recognition Task
A task in which an organism’s detection of and response to unfamiliar objects during exploratory behavior are used to measure its memories of past experiences with those objects.
Perceptual Learning
Learning in which experience with a set of stimuli makes it easier to distinguish those stimuli.
Statistical Learning
Learning driven by repeated exposures to perceptual events that increases the familiarity and distinctiveness of those events.
Spatial Learning
The acquisition of information about one’s surroundings.
Priming
A phenomenon in which prior exposure to a stimulus can improve the ability to recognize that stimulus later.
