Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR Exam 4 > Habal: Pharyngitis, Parotitis, Epiglottitis, Croup > Flashcards

Habal: Pharyngitis, Parotitis, Epiglottitis, Croup Flashcards

1
Q

85% (or 70%?) of pharyngitis cases are caused by ______________.

A

viruses:

A CCPR HEI

Adenovirus (most common)

Coxsackievirus

Coronavirus

Parainfluenza viruses

Rhinoviruses

HSV-1

EBV

Influenza (VIRUS! not bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bacteria are associated with pharyngitis?

A

SHriNC

Streptococcus PYOGENES (P for pharyngitis) - most common.

H. influenza

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Corynebacterium diptheriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the dx for strep throat?

A

GAS Infection (transmitted by respiratory droplets)

Most common ages: 5-15

Sx: HA, fever, throat pain, light color EXUDATE covering pharynx and tonsils

Tender ANTERIOR cerviclal lymph nodes

Palatal and uvular petechiae

Possibly accompanied by a RASH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What will you NOT see in strep throat?

A

Viral sx i.e. rhinorrhea, cough, and hoarsness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some key diferences between pharyngitis of GAS etiology versus viral etiology?

A

Seen in GAS but not viral: fever, HA, palatal petechiae, tender anterior cervial lymph nodes

Seen in viral but not GAS: conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 life-threatening conditions of acute pharyngitis?

A
  • *DERP:**
  • *D**iptheria (membrane)

Epiglottitis (toxic appearance, fever, stridor, drooling)

Retropharyngeal abscess (neck pain, fever)

Peritonsilar abscess (uvular deviation, fluctuance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you diagnose pharyngitis?

A

Rapid Strep Test - Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT). (thraot swab, fast. 80-90% senstitive)

Also: DNA-based testing: detected from throat swab. expensive, takes about an hour; 97% sepcificity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe how you would go about diagnosing and treating a patient that you suspect to have strep throat. (Chart.)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Features of strep pyogenes?

A

G+, catalase negative

BACITRACIN sensitive (S. agalactiae is bacitratin resistant)

Swab test detects Antibody to Streptolysin-O (ASO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Key virulence feature of Strep pyogenes?

A

M-Protein: outer membrane protein that interferes with opsonization.

(It interacts with Serum Factor H and interferes with stabilization of C3 conertase; therefore it decreases opsoniation power. Antiphagocytic.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three manifestations of Strep pyogenes?

A
  • Pharyngitis (strep throat with tonsilar exudates, anterior swollen lymph nodes, fever)
  • Scarlett fever (oropharyngeal infection with rash, sandpaper rash on palms, soles; strawberry tongue)
  • Impetigo (honey-crusted cutaneous lesions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 main complicaitons of strep pyogenes?

A

-Bacteremia and septicemia –> arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, emningitis

-Toxic Shock-like Syndrome flu-like sx, necrotizing soft tissue infection, ARDS< renal failure

-Rheumatic Fever follows sore throat and low grade fever. MITRAL VALVE murmur. mitral stenosis. Tx with Penicillin.

-GN follows skin rash and sore throat. Associated with DNAase B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bacteria grows on Loffler’s agar in black colonies?

A

Corneybacterium diptherieae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is corynebacterium diphtheriae transmitted?

A

airborne droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main virulence factor for corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

AB exotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the AB exotoxin in corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

ADP ribosylation of EF2 –> inhiits protein synthesis

17
Q

Upon examination, your patient presents with a grayish membrane covering the tonsils and pharynx and “bull neck” due to cervical lymphadenopathy. What is your dx?

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

18
Q

Two main complications of corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Myocarditis and polyneuropathy

19
Q

Is there a vaccination for corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

DTaP: 2,4, and 6 months adn boosters at 1, 6, and every 10 years

(tetanus, diptheriae, and pertusis)

20
Q

What are the two main modes of transmission of adenoviruses?

A

Fecal-oral and transplacental

21
Q

Your patient has pink eye (conjunctivitis) and sore throat. What is part of your Ddx?

A

Adenovirus.

22
Q

What subtypes of adenoviruses manifest as pharyngoconjunctivitis and fever in young children?

A

3-7

23
Q
A
24
Q

What subtypes of adenoviruses manifest as acute respiratory infection?

A

4-7

25
Q

What is a common way to get pharyngo conjunctival fever caused by adenovirus?

A

swimming pool conjunctivitis.

26
Q

EBV is a type of what kind of virus?

A

Herpes (HHV4)

27
Q

What is the best way to diagnose EBV?

A

Monospot or mono plus

28
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly can be seen in which virus?

A

EBV (high WBC)

29
Q

What are the 4 more common etiologies of epiglottitis?

A

HSSS:

H. influenza

S. pyogenes

S. pneumonia

S. aureus

30
Q

What are the two dx methods for epiglottitis and its tx?

A

Dx:

  1. lateral xray (shows thumb sign)
  2. culture

Tx:

  1. secure airways
  2. 3rd gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)
31
Q

Parotitis is due to an infection with _______, which is transmitted by ___________.

A

Mumps; respiratory droplets.

32
Q

What viral fmailies is mumps under?

A

Paramyxovirinae –> Rubulavirus –> Mumps

33
Q

What is the incubation time of Mumps?

A

14-18 days; viremia in 12-25 days

34
Q

Symptoms and complications of Mumps?

A

Parotitis in 30-40%; orchitis in 20-50% of post-pubertal males; CNS involvement in 15%; Pancreatitis in 2-5%; Death

35
Q

4 main causes of laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)?

A

PRAI:

  • Parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3
  • RSV
  • Adenovirus
  • Influenza

Croup means Barking Cough in Scottish.

36
Q

What are the four human types of parainfluenza and their clinical manifestations?

A

PIV 1, 2: CROUP

PIV 3: Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia

PIV 4: URI>LRI (upper respiratory infections more common)

37
Q

Describe the pathogeneisis of croup?

A

the virus attaches to the respiratory epithelium and causes inflammation.

STEEPLE SIGN.

Edema, mucus, swelling –> hoarsness; difficulty breathing

38
Q

How would you manage a patient recently dx’d with croup?

A

Humidified air (no meds at first); steroids if no improvement. Intubation in severe cases.

CPR Exam 4 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions