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HCARP1 > H5 - Build Stair Systems > Flashcards

H5 - Build Stair Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Total Rise?

A

Vertical distance from finished floor to finished floor

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2
Q

What is total run?

A

The total run is the horizontal distance from the face of the bottom riser to the face of top riser.

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3
Q

What is the rise?

A

The vertical distance from one tread to the next.

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4
Q

What is the run?

A

The horizontal distance from one riser to the next

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5
Q

What is the tread?

A

The horizontal board that forms the step.

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6
Q

What is the riser?

A

The Vertical board placed between the treads.

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7
Q

What is the nosing?

A

Nosing is the projection of the tread or floor beyond the face of the riser (“Nosing also refers to moulding that can be applied to the edge of the floor at a balcony”)

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8
Q

What is the nosing line?

A

An imaginary line drawn along the top edge of the nosings.

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9
Q

What is the tread depth?

A

It’s the sum of the run plus nosing.

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10
Q

What is the headroom?

A

The headroom is the vertical distance from the nosing line to the underside of the floor above.

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11
Q

What is the finished stairwell opening?

A

The horizontal distance from the edge of the nosing at the upper landing to the finished surface at the other end of the stairwell opening.

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12
Q

What is the rough stairwell opening?

A

The rough stairwell opening is framed before finishes or stairs are installed. The rough opening is typically 3” or 75 mm larger than the finished opening.

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13
Q

What is the stringer support board?

A

Also known as the hanger board, is used to attach the stair at the top.

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14
Q

The opening of the floor in the stairs is called what?

A

The Stairwell

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15
Q

What is the stringer?

A

The stringer is the structural support for the treads and risers!

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16
Q

What is the material from inside of the cut to the bottom of the stringer called?

A

It is the effective depth. AKA the Throat.

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17
Q

What does BC code require for effective depth and overall depth?

A

Effective depth of 90 mm ( 3 1/2” ) and an overall depth of not less than 235 ( 9 1/4” )

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18
Q

What is the minimum size of wood and common size of wood used for wooden stringers?

A

2 x 10 minimum but 2 x 12 is more often used due to strength and 2” of effective depth.

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19
Q

What is a cleated stringer most often used for?

A

Used as outdoor construction or as temporary stairs.

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20
Q

How is a housed stringer made?

A

Special adjustable templates are commercially available or a template can be made for the rise and run of the stair, which includes an allowanced for wedges to tighten the treads and the risers in place.

Router is then used with the template to cut a gain (Recess) into the side of the stringers.

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21
Q

A semi-housed or planted stringer has two parts:

A

A cut out stringer and a plain stringer. The plain stringer is a finished piece of wood attached to the wall. The cut out stringer is laminated to the plain stringer. The treads and the risers butt into the finished plain stringer.

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22
Q

What is a mitred stringer?

A

Used in finished stairs. They can be used in combination with a housed stringer on the wall side. Where the riser and stringer meet on the open side, the end of the riser is bevelled and the plumb cut on the stringer is mitered.

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23
Q

How are curved stringers usually made?

A

Manufactured in a stair building plant using curved walls to form a jig and shipped to the job site.

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24
Q

What is a tread?

A

The horizontal boards are stepped on in a set of stairs.

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25
Q

What is a riser?

A

Vertical board between each tread.

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26
Q

What is a Newel post?

A

Newel posts are the posts supporting the balustrade.

27
Q

The difference between a long “L” stair and a wide “L” stair is what?

A

A long L has a long flight and a short flight connected by landing or winders, while a wide L has two similar length flights at right angles to each other.

28
Q

When is a landing required in a stairway?

A

When the total rise for the stairway is greater than 3.7 m

29
Q

What is the difference between an “open stairwell” and a “closed stairwell”

A

Open stairwells have one or both sides open to a room or hallway. closed stairwells are enclosed on both sides.

30
Q

What are the main parts of balustrade?

A

Newel posts, handrail and balusters.

31
Q

What is a semi-housed stringer?

A

A plain stringer laminated with a cutout stringer.

32
Q

What are service stairs?

A

Service stairs are used to access service rooms or spaces only.

Usually used by few people such as maintenance workers.

33
Q

What are private stairs?

A

Private stairs are interior stairs within a dwelling unit, or exterior stairs serving a single dwelling unit.

In multi-family housing, stairs within the units are private stairs. Stairs shared by several units are considered public stairs.

34
Q

What is a public stairs?

A

Public stairs are all stairs not described as service stairs or private stairs.

Public stairs include stairs in schools, parkades, and other public buildings.

Need to be easier to use (less steep) due to people unfamiliar with stairs using them.

35
Q

If the rise is too high and run too short, how will stairs feel?

A

Quite steep.

36
Q

If the rise is too low and the run too long, the stairs will feel….?

A

Very flat, can be a tripping hazard.

37
Q

BC code regulates which parts of a stairs?

A

Tread, width, nosing’s, stair width, construction and headroom.

38
Q

Maximum rise for private stairs and minimum run is ?

A

Private: 200 mm rise and 225 mm run

39
Q

What is the minimum run for private stairs?

A

255 m. 10 “

40
Q

Lumber or plywood treads for stairs must be at least how thick?

A

25 mm in actual thickness. If open risers are used and the distance between stringers exceeds 750 mm, the treads must be at least 38 mm actual thickness.

41
Q

What special material is often used for treading carpeted stairs?

A

Special 1” thick osb or plywood, complete with a run over bullnose, is often used

42
Q

What does tread depth refer to?

A

The WIDTH of the tread, not the length of the tread.

43
Q

What is the minimum tread depth?

A

Minimum depth of thread: at least 255 mm for private, the minimum tread depth is 25 mm wider than the minimum run of 210 mm.

44
Q

What is the MAX. depth of thread?

A

It is the same as the run: 355 mm or 14” No nosing is required for runs over 235 mm, and it is not allowed at the maximum run of 355mm.

45
Q

What is the most common rule for stair proportioning?

A

The rise plus the run = 17” (440-450 mm)

46
Q

What is the preferred Angle of Stairs?

A

Preferred angle of stair is between 30 degrees and 35 degrees, a 7 in 10 stair has a slope of approximately 35 degrees

47
Q

What is the maximum slope allowed by code?

A

a slope rise of 200 and run of 255, which is 38.108 degrees

48
Q

What is the minimum headroom, measured vertically from the nosing line?

A

At least 1950 mm from the nosing line for stairs within dwellings units and 2050 for all others.

49
Q

What is the minimum effective depth of a stringer?

A

90 mm

50
Q

What is minimum overall width of a stringer?

A

At least 235 mm.

51
Q

What is the actual thickness requirement for stringers?

A

25 mm actual thickness, if supported along their length and 38 mm actual thickness if unsupported along their length.

52
Q

How is the maximum distance between the stringers set?

A

The flexibility of the tread material.

53
Q

What is the minimum spacing between the stringers for not more than one dwelling unit?

A

The minimum spacing is 900 mm o.c., it’s good practice to include a third-centered stringer.

If the riser boards support the leading edge of the tread, the spacing can be increased to 1200 mm.

54
Q

For stairs serving other than single family residential units, the maximum spacing of stringers is what?

A

600 mm o.c. This is regardless of whether the riser supports the tread or not.

55
Q

What are the minimum handrail requirements for stairways?

A

Provided on at least one side of stairs within dwelling units less than 1,100 mm wide. The handrail must be continuous along the length of the stairway, including landings except where interrupted by doorways, newels, or at changes in directions.

Handrails are not required for stairs having two risers within dwelling units.

56
Q

What height should handrails be at?

A

865 mm to 1070 mm, measured vertically from the nosing line or from the surface of the ramp.

57
Q

Handrails are usually with a clear of how much from the inside of the rail to the wall?

A

50 mm

58
Q

What are the dimension requirements for the width of a stairway?

A

The primary stairway between each floor in a dwelling unit must have a minimum width of between wall faces of 860 mm.

59
Q

How is the floor thickness calculated?

A

Sum of ceiling finish + joist depth + subfloor thickness + finished flooring

60
Q

What three units are needed to lay out the stringers?

A

The rise, run, unit of bridge and stringer length is used in stringer layout.

61
Q

What is the first step in making stairs?

A

Laying out the plum line

62
Q

What is a common cause of squeaks in stairs?

A

The stringers or treads rubbing against the wall. The stringers and treads must be either spaced so theyre not in contact with the wall or fastened with adhesive and strong fasteners.

63
Q

What is a good gap for stringers away from walls?

A

A gap of 5/8 works well for 1/2 dry wall. A 5/8 strip of plywood fastened to the bottom edge of the stringer before.

64
Q

True or False, 2 by 4 and 2 by 6 on flat are not allowed for use with handrails?

A

It must be graspable, so they are not allowed.

HCARP1 (17 decks)

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