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HCARP1 > G3 LT#1-3 Footing Forms, Wall Forms and Coloumn Forms > Flashcards

G3 LT#1-3 Footing Forms, Wall Forms and Coloumn Forms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of concrete footings?

A

The purpose of concrete footings is to take the entire live and dead loads of a building and spread that weight over a large enough area to properly support the building.

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2
Q

Is it a requirement for footings to be level?

A

It is not a requirement, but will the construction of the wall formwork will be easier and faster.

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3
Q

What kind of ground must concrete footings be cast onto?

A

Concrete footings must be cast directly on an undisturbed, firm-bearing surface.

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4
Q

Describe a trenched footing form

A

Formless footings, they require soil that is very unlikely to crumble before or during the placement of concrete. There is no levelling screed, which is a disadvantage.

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5
Q

Describe partially-formed footings.

A

They rely on firm soil conditions. Their advantage is that they require a minimal amount of lumber and bracing.

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6
Q

Describe Fully-formed footings.

A

They are do not need firm soil conditions and do not require much hand shovel work. They’re easy to position and installing the perimeter drain tile is easier than with trenched or partially-formed footings. The disadvantage is that they require much more lumber and bracing or back fill for the operations.

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7
Q

Footings that support a wall are usually continuous and also called by what name?

A

Continuous strip footings.

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8
Q

These kind of footings are usually centered directly under the foundation wall. They support the vertical load of the building as well as some of the lateral load from the backfill.

A

What are Strip Footings?

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9
Q

What is used on Strip Footings to keep the wall from slipping sideways on the footing?

A

A “key”, or steel dowel is used to prevent the wall from slipping sideways on the footings.

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10
Q

Fabric footings or fabric forms are popularly used for what purposes?

A

Strip, column and large pad footings.

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11
Q

What is the main fabric used for a fabric form?

A

They utilize reinforced high-density polyethylene fabric as a green replacement for much of the lumber used in forming. This fabric is left in the ground and also acts as a moisture barrier.

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12
Q

These beams are concrete beams that act as foundation walls.

A

What are Grade Beams?

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13
Q

When are Grade Beams normally used?

A

When the depth of bearing is too deep for a conventional foundation or where soil uplift is a concern. The use of grade beams allows the use of a shallow foundation in a cold climate.

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14
Q

When can footings be cast into excavated forms?

A

Footings can be cast into excavated forms when the sides are stable enough not to collapse into the excavation.

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15
Q

Under a concrete wall, which type of footing is most typically used?

A

Strip footings.

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16
Q

When are concrete walls used?

A

Concrete walls are used for the foundations of residential and commercial buildings and for shear walls in concrete frame buildings.

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17
Q

What is a concrete frame building?

A

Concrete frame buildings are buildings that have all the structural members built with reinforced concrete. Examples: College buildings, high-rise condominiums, office towers, and sports stadiums.

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18
Q

Describe the purpose of Form Sheathing.

A

Form sheathing is what supports the fresh concrete directly. It must be able to resist the force without significant deflection(Bends or bowing). Usually 3/4” thick form plywood or lumber boards.

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19
Q

What is the maximum deflection for a concrete foundation?

A

1:270 is the maximum deflection for a concrete foundation.

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20
Q

What is the maximum deflection for a exposed concrete walls?

A

1:400 is the maximum deflection for exposed concrete walls.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of studs and walers?

A

The purpose of studs and walers is to directly support the form sheathing.

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22
Q

When the form system uses double walers and wedges, then what supports the sheathing?

A

When a system uses double walers and wedges, then it is the studs that support the sheathing.

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23
Q

If the form system uses single walers, or waler bar, then what supports the sheathing?

A

If the form system uses walers or waler bar, then it is the walers that support the sheathing.

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24
Q

What governs the spacing of studs or walers which are in direct contact with the form sheathing?

A

The allowable deflection and the rate of pour.

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25
Q

What do walers support in double-waler formwork?

A

The walers(horizontal) are what support the studs(vertical). Typically the walers and studs are both 2x4.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the ties?

A

Ties support the walers. The load from the walers is transferred to the ties by the waler brackets or wedges.

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27
Q

How is the pressure of formwork controlled?

A

The rate of placement, measured in metres or feet per hour.

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28
Q

What is a built-in-place form?

A

A built-in-place is built in their final location at the job site. The most common are; Snap tie forms, quick strip forms, insulated concrete, and strap ties forms.

29
Q

What are the advantages of single waler formwork over double waler formwork?

A

It uses less lumber, it is faster to build and is faster to strip.

30
Q

How can you minimize deflection in a single waler system?

A

To minimize deflection in a single waler system. it is necessary to install the panels with the face grain perpendicular to the walers.

31
Q

How do you make curved walls?

A

Using a single waler system, the walers are positioned vertically and the plywood panels are installed with the face grain vertical.

32
Q

What is the purpose of a single waler bracket?

A

Brackets support the walers and transfer the load from the ties to the walers.

33
Q

What is the purpose of a strongback?

A

Strongsbacks are used to help straighten and align the single waler walls.

34
Q

Describe strongbacks.

A

Strongbacks are made an integral part of the formwork by using long-end ties to attach them to the wall. Standard wedges are used at the ends of the long-end ties. Bracing for the single waler wall forms is attached to the strongbacks.

35
Q

Describe Double waler formwork advantages

A

Double waler formwork uses Long-end snap ties. The advantage of double waler over single waler formwork is that there is an extra allowance for studs to be placed behind walers, adding extra support to the form sheathing near the bottom of a tall wall.

36
Q

This formwork work uses flat metal ties with a hole at each end that fits the metal waler bar.

A

Quick strip or easy strip formwork.

37
Q

What are the advantages of quick strip form work over other formworks?

A

It uses minimum materials and can be assembled and stripped very quickly.

38
Q

What can Insulated Concrete Forms be used for?

A

ICF can be used for foundation walls and for above-grade walls.

39
Q

Is ICF stripped after the concrete has cured?

A

No. The forms are left in place to act as insulation.

40
Q

What are the advantages of ICF?

A

1) It doesn’t require stripping, 2)the concrete walls don’t require extra insulation or the installation of a vapor barrier. 3)Rainscreen air spaces are not required behind the exterior cladding,4) as the walls are considered mass walls and not subject to moisture damage. 5)Interior basement finishes often do not require furring and/or special fasteners.

41
Q

Panels of ICF are constructed of which materials?

A

Polystrene panel, and range between 57 to 108 mm thickness.

42
Q

In the ICF system, are wedges or walers required?

A

They are not.

43
Q

This kind of formwork uses plain metal straps with holes in the ends for nailing to the studs.

A

Strap Ties.

44
Q

What are the advantages of Strap tie formwork?

A

They can accommodate odd wall thickness.

45
Q

What is the disadvantage of strap tie formwork?

A

The fact that the ties don’t have a built-in break-back, ties are worked back and forth or cut and left flush to the wall where they’re prone to rust.

46
Q

Describe the Strap Tie system.

A

They are similar to the single waler system, using studs as walers and the studs are always VERTICAL. Lumber form sheathing is used with each row of ties set in a saw kerf between the sheathing boards.

47
Q

True or False, Each successive row of ties must be placed and fastened to the alternate sides of the stud to prevent the stud from rotating when concrete is placed in the form.

A

True.

48
Q

When must a pilaster be used?

A

When columns are supported on foundation walls, pilasters are formed into the wall.

49
Q

Describe a pilaster.

A

A pilaster is a thickening in the wall used to support the extra load from the column. the footing size is increased around the pilaster.

50
Q

What is another name for a Ledge?

A

An offset, because the one wall face is “offset” or stepped back from the other.

51
Q

What is a corbel?

A

A corbel is widening in a wall, often at the top. This may be for structural or for strictly decorative purposes.

52
Q

Name four components of wall forming.

A

1) Form Sheathing 2) Walers 3) Studs 4) Ties

53
Q

How are strap ties nailed to studs?

A

They are nailed to the studs on alternate sides.

54
Q

Explain how the forces of fresh concrete reach the wall form tie.

A

Step 1) Concrete presses against the sheathing
Step 2) Sheathing presses against the studs or walers
Step 3) The pressure against the studs and walers transfer to the wedge
Step 4) and Finally to the ties.

55
Q

What size of material is used for the walers and studs when using a single or double waler form system?

A

2 by 4.

56
Q

What control the maximum spacing of the studs in a double waler system?

A

The amount of allowable sheathing deflection.

57
Q

What is the purpose of a column in a concrete building?

A

Columns in a concrete building are used to transfer the loads from the roof or floor above downward to the floor below and eventually to the foundation systems.

58
Q

True or False, Fiber forms are strong enough to withstand the pressure of the concrete but only with the use of clamps or walers.

A

False.

59
Q

What does architectural fiber forms contain to achieve a more flattering finish?

A

Plastic liner.

60
Q

When would FRP be used to build column forms?

A

Architectural concrete.

61
Q

What is the most common column shapes?

A

Round & Rectangular

62
Q

Why are there three sizes for the same nominal diameter of fibre tube?

A

Transportation purposes.

63
Q

When would a steel column be used?

A

When there are many re-uses.

64
Q

How can the concrete columns’ finish be improved when using a fiber form?

A

Using a plastic liner

65
Q

What types of material are conical column forms made from?

A

Metal or F.R.P

66
Q

How are column forms held together?

A

Ties, clamps and banding.

67
Q

How are column forms usually adjusted to the exact required height?

A

Shim the bottom.

68
Q

What is the advantage of having all sides of a square column form cut to the same size?

A

Sides are interchangable.

HCARP1 (17 decks)

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