H. Scientific Revolution and Enlightement

Question 1

1. Situate ‘Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment’ in time and space.

Answer 1

• 1543 – 1800
• America, Europe to Russia

Question 2

2. Explain the concept of Enlightenment using a number of key words.

Answer 2

Philosophers and governments hoped to replace older ideas of government and society with new ones that worked better. This movement was called the Enlightenment.

Question 3

3. Explain why the 17th and 18th c. have been called ‘the Age of Reason’.

Answer 3

People began to question religion, science and government.

Question 4

5. Briefly summarize the main ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau.

Answer 4

• Locke  Two treatises of Government
• Montesquieu  The spirit of the Laws
• Voltaire  All men are free by nature
• Rousseau  The social contract