Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geschiedenis > C. Reformation and Counter-Reformation > Flashcards

C. Reformation and Counter-Reformation Flashcards

1
Q
  1. name several other world religions.
A

Islam, Atheism, Buddhism, Judaism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. enumerate a number of movements within Christianity.
A

Roman Catholics, Orthodox and Protestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. give at least seven causes that contributed to the origin and the success of the Reformation.
A
  • Terrible times eg. Plague, heavy taxes, no food, war,…  Rome didn’t have answers to all this misery
  • Training of priests was not sufficient
  • Church has too much money:
  • spend it on large buildings and art
  • a tithe (= tiendenbelasting)
  • Prestige of Pope decreases
  • Humanists:
  • critical thinking
  • Social crises:
  • growing gap between ( believers <–> Church)
  • Richer merchants –> wanted more power (=emancipation)
  • Political crisis:
  • Henry VIII wants more power and for the Church to have less power
  • Fast spread of protestant message:
  • Printing press
  • Preaching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. briefly discuss Martin Luther biographically.
A
  • 3rd estate
  • Augustinians monk
  • Studied theology at the University of Wittenberg
  • Redemption, afraid of God, thought God was present in everything
  • Many kinds of abuses:
  • Indulgences
  • Purgatory
  • Wrote 95 theses (against indulgences) in 1517
  • Got in an argument with Pope Leo X, gets thrown out of the Church –> excommunication
  • Charles V summons Luther to Diet of Worms –> banishes Luther
  • Electors of Saxony, Dukes of Saxony
  • Consequences:
  • Celibacy, the hierarchy in the Church, most sacraments ( except baptism and communion) were banished by Luther, monastic life –> superfluous
  • Church: A temporary community of believers with a simple liturgy in the Vernaucular –> translates Bible in German
  • Dissemination (= verspreiding van bepaald geloof):
  • Scandinavia ( + Iceland )
  • Northern part of Holy Roman Empire ( = German )
  • Comparison:
  • Emile Delpéree: Catholic, Luther at the Diet of Worms in 1521
  • Paul Thumann: Lutheran, Luther appears before Charles V at the Diet of Worms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. summarise the Lutheran religious doctrine in two points.
A
  • By believing in him and his word the merciful God frees us from our sins
  • Many men as if one was his own priest can himself find faith freely in the Bible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. explain the key words faith, grace and Bible (‘sola fide, sola gratia, sola scriptura’) in the Lutheran teachings.
A
  • sola fide  only by faith. Justice comes only from faith not from good deeds.
  • Sola gratia  only by grace. Grace is a gift from God, no need from clergy nor sacraments to receive it.
  • Sola scriptura  only by the Script/Bible, Only the Bible is the Word of God and it should be accessible to everybody.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. briefly discuss John Calvin biographically.
A
  • John Calvin, Jean Cauvin, Johannes Calvin
  • Preaching
  • The Doctrine of Calvin:
  • Morally more strict than Luther
  • Theologlogically more radical than Luther
    a) Theocentrism –> God is the centre of everything
    b) Predestination –> Followers live a pious ( = vroom ) life
  • Perhaps one of the chosen people
  • Dissemination (= verspreiding van bepaald geloof):
  • Huguenots (French name), Presbytarians (German name)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. clarify in what way Calvin’s teachings were theologically more radical and morally more strict than Luther’s.
A
  • Morally more strict than Luther
  • Theologlogically more radical than Luther:
  • Theocentrism –> God is the centre of everything
  • Predestination –> Followers live a pious ( = vroom ) life
  • Perhaps one of the chosen people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. tersely discuss the reactions of the worldly kings (Holy Roman Empire (German Empire), England, France and Spain) on the Reformation.
A

Holy Roman Empire:
- 1555 –> Peace of Ausburg
* Declaration: Followers have the same religion as ruler (king)
- Permanent religious discord
Spain
- Inquisition –> Ecclesistical court that would hunt down Protestants
France
- 16th century
- 1598
* Edict of Nantes (Henry IV) –> gives partial civil rights to Protestants
- End of 17th century:
* Louis XIV places a ban on the freedom of conscience
* 1685 –> Revocation of the edict of Nantes
- Conclusion
England
- Henry VIII:
* Head of the Church of England (clergy + parliament)
* Later on the Anglican Church
* 1534 –> Act of Supremacy
- Anglican Doctrine:
* Mixes Catholicism and Protestantism
* Takes the hierarchy (except Pope) and liturgy of Catholicism
* Takes the right of marrying for priests and female priests of Protestantism
* King/Queen is head of the Church
- Dissemination (= verspreiding van bepaald geloof):
* England, Northern Ireland, Wales, English Colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. pinpoint the main difference between the origin of the Anglican Church and the other denominations (or confessions) of the Reformation.
A

Holy Roman Empire
- 1555 –> Peace of Ausburg
* Declaration: Followers have the same religion as ruler (king)
- Permanent religious discord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. briefly explain the effort of the Council of Trent (1545-1563).
A

The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. It served to define Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. enumerate and shortly explain the most important decrees of this council.
A
  • Goals:
  • Condemnation of Protestantism
  • Eradication heresy
  • Reformation of the Catholic Church
  • Reformation of Church disciplines
  • Results (= Council decrees):
  • Basis of faith
  • Bible
  • Tradition (Works of the Popes, Church Fathers and council decrees)
  • Documents:
    DOC 9, 10, 11:
  • Preserved:
  • All sacraments
  • Veneration of saints
  • Latin
  • Church hierarchy
  • Celibacy
  • Abuses were dealt with:
  • DOC 12: Trade in indulgences is abolished.
  • DOC 13: Index of forbidden books.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. demonstrate the importance of the seminars, the catechisms, the index and the order of the Jesuits in the execution of council decrees.
A
  • Index  to counter wrong ideas
  • Catechism  To spread the right ideas, the catechism was composed. This is a book that clearly explains the beliefs of the Christian religion by using questions and answers. It served as a starting point to teach Christians the Christian doctrine.
  • Seminars  Candidates for priesthood were from now on well trained in seminaries. Priests had to live in their parishes and carry out their office according to strict prescribed norms. Preaching became very important. The priests should set a good example and observe celibacy.
  • Orders of Jesuits  Society of Jesus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly

Geschiedenis (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions