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Sem 4 > H&N 9: Anatomy Of The Oral Cavity, Tongue And TMJ > Flashcards

H&N 9: Anatomy Of The Oral Cavity, Tongue And TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A 
Roof: hard and soft palate
Floor: tongue and other soft muscles
Anterior: oral fissure
Posterior: oropharyngeal isthmus
Lateral: buccinators
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2
Q

What bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla and palatine

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3
Q

What muscles form the soft palate?

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Vagus nerve

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5
Q

If one side of the vagus nerve is damaged, is the uvula pulled towards or away from the side of the lesion?

A

Away

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6
Q

What is the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Supplies sensation to posterior third of tongue, uvula and tonsillar area

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7
Q

What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

The vagus nerve

Supplies muscles of the soft palate

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8
Q

What supplies innervation to the lower jaw?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve, continues on as the mental nerve, is a site of dental anaesthesia

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9
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Superior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Inferior longitudinal

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10
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the tongue muscles?

A

All innervated by hypoglossal nerve, expect Palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus nerve (as it is part of the soft palate)

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12
Q

In a hypoglossal nerve lesion, does the tongue move towards or away from the affected side?

A

Towards

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13
Q

Which nerve supplies general sensation to anterior 2/3rds tongue?

A

Trigeminal nerve (lingual branch of mandibular branch)

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue?

A

The facial nerve, chorda tympani

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies both special and general sensory to the posterior 1/3rd tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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16
Q

What is the vasculature of the tongue?

A

Lingual artery and vein

17
Q

Which pharyngeal arches does the tongue originate from?

A

1, 3 and 4

18
Q

Which gland enters the oral cavity via Stenson’s duct?

A

Parotid gland

19
Q

The submandibular gland enters the oral cavity via which duct?

A

Wharton’s duct

20
Q

In which gland are salivary stones most common?

A

Submandibular

21
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Inflammation of palatine tonsil
Usually viral (adenovirus, rhinovirus)
Can be bacterial (beta haemolytic strep)

22
Q

How would symptoms differ between viral and bacterial tonsillitis?

A

In viral cases, there would be signs of URTI eg cough, cold

In bacterial cases, there would be absence of a cough

23
Q

How can tonsillitis present differently to quinsy?

A

Quinsy usually unilateral, tonsillitis usually bilateral

24
Q

What is quinsy?

A

Severe complication of bacterial tonsillitis
Usually strep pyogenese
Present with trismus (painful, limited jaw movement) or hot potato voice

25
Q

What are the articulations in the TMJ?

A

Mandibular fossa
Condyle of mandible
Articulate tubercle of temporal bone

(Articulations don’t actually touch due to the articulate disk)

26
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Lateral ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Stylomandibular ligament

27
Q

Which muscles help to elevate the TMJ?

A

Masseter, medial pterygoid and temporalis

28
Q

Which are the muscles of mastication and what is the innervation?

A

Medial and lateral pterygoids, masseter and temporalis

Supplied by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

29
Q

Which muscles depress the TMJ?

A

Mostly due to gravity

But also lateral pterygoid and some supra/infra hyoid muscles

30
Q

Which muscle protrudes the TMJ?

A

Lateral pterygoid

31
Q

Which muscle is involved in retrusion of the TMJ?

A

Temporalis

32
Q

What is a risk of TMJ dislocation?

A

Damage to inferior auriculotemporal nerve (off V3) and facial nerve

33
Q

How are TMJ dislocations usually caused?

A

By a blow to the side of face, often with open mouth

Dislocations usually always anterior due to strong lateral ligament preventing posterior dislocation

34
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A 
Lateral: ramus of mandible
Medial: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Anterior: posterior maxilla
Posterior: temporal bone
Superior: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior: medial pterygoid muscle
35
Q

What are some of the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxillary artery
Maxillary vein
Medial and lateral pterygoids and temporalis
Pterygoid Venus plexus (connects to cavernous sinus)
Lots of nerve (mandibular, lingual, chorda tympani, inferior alveolar, auriculotemporal, Otic ganglion, buccal)

36
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the cranium through where?

A

Foramen spinosum

Sem 4 (25 decks)

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