H&N 9: Anatomy Of The Oral Cavity, Tongue And TMJ Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?
Roof: hard and soft palate Floor: tongue and other soft muscles Anterior: oral fissure Posterior: oropharyngeal isthmus Lateral: buccinators
What bones form the hard palate?
Maxilla and palatine
What muscles form the soft palate?
Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?
Vagus nerve
If one side of the vagus nerve is damaged, is the uvula pulled towards or away from the side of the lesion?
Away
What is the afferent limb of the gag reflex?
The glossopharyngeal nerve
Supplies sensation to posterior third of tongue, uvula and tonsillar area
What is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?
The vagus nerve
Supplies muscles of the soft palate
What supplies innervation to the lower jaw?
Inferior alveolar nerve, continues on as the mental nerve, is a site of dental anaesthesia
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Superior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Inferior longitudinal
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
What is the innervation of the tongue muscles?
All innervated by hypoglossal nerve, expect Palatoglossus which is innervated by vagus nerve (as it is part of the soft palate)
In a hypoglossal nerve lesion, does the tongue move towards or away from the affected side?
Towards
Which nerve supplies general sensation to anterior 2/3rds tongue?
Trigeminal nerve (lingual branch of mandibular branch)
Which nerve supplies taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue?
The facial nerve, chorda tympani
Which nerve supplies both special and general sensory to the posterior 1/3rd tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the vasculature of the tongue?
Lingual artery and vein
Which pharyngeal arches does the tongue originate from?
1, 3 and 4
Which gland enters the oral cavity via Stenson’s duct?
Parotid gland
The submandibular gland enters the oral cavity via which duct?
Wharton’s duct
In which gland are salivary stones most common?
Submandibular
What is tonsillitis?
Inflammation of palatine tonsil
Usually viral (adenovirus, rhinovirus)
Can be bacterial (beta haemolytic strep)
How would symptoms differ between viral and bacterial tonsillitis?
In viral cases, there would be signs of URTI eg cough, cold
In bacterial cases, there would be absence of a cough
How can tonsillitis present differently to quinsy?
Quinsy usually unilateral, tonsillitis usually bilateral
What is quinsy?
Severe complication of bacterial tonsillitis
Usually strep pyogenese
Present with trismus (painful, limited jaw movement) or hot potato voice
