H-2 Task 3

Question 1

Answer 1

A) cup. D) diamond

B) bow. E) crook/ crown

C) twist. F) kink

Question 2

For logs still uncut:
What is a check?

What is a shake?

Answer 2

Seperation of the wood, normally occurs through the rings of annual growth

Shake is a lengthwise separation of wood, usually occurs between or through the rings of annual growth

Question 3

What causes a check?

What causes a shake?

Answer 3

Uneven shrinkage from seasoning

Standing trees when there is a large amount of movement caused by wind

Question 4

What is “sound” or “live knot”?

What is “dead knot”?

Answer 4

A knot bonded to wood, because it formed from a live branch

Forms after a branch dies, happens often after lower branches have been deprived of light by dense foilage above them

Question 5

What are 5 decaying rot names?

Answer 5

Heart rot

Pocket rot

Brown rot

White rot

Dry rot

Question 6

2 fungus varieties that attack wood parts?

2 basic types of damage fungi?

Answer 6

“Fruiting bodies”
“Mycelium”

• sap stain fungus
• rot fungus

Question 7

Describe sap-stain fungus?
Colour?
Effects on structural?
What species is sensitive?

Answer 7

Causes wood to turn blue, but has no effect on the structural strength

Pine is sensitive

Question 8

Describe brown rot?
Colour?
Effects on structural?

Answer 8

Reduces the wood to brittle, brownish material.

It attacks the cellulose material that makes up the walls of wood cells

Question 9

Describe white rot?
Colour?
Effects on structural?

Answer 9

Also called “white speck”, which is an initial stage of white rot. Infection shows itself as a soft, pulpy mass of whitish material.

Like most forms of brown rot, white rot develops before a tree is felled and does not persist after drying.

Must be removed from finished lumber by sawing out infected portions

Question 10

Describe dry rot?
When does it occur?
3 conditions for dry rot to thrive in?

Answer 10

Dry rot often turns up after wood is put into service and is expensive to remove.

Lack of ventilation
High moisture content
Heat (warmth above 15c)

Question 11

How can you prevent dry rot?

Answer 11

Framing lumber has been dried to a moisture content of 20% or less

Wood placed in services is adequately ventilated

Protect wood from moisture sources

Treat wood to prevent fungus attack when located in high moisture locations

Question 12

Describe carpenter ants?

Answer 12

Nests inside wood, under insulation, or other cavities.

Does not eat wood but rather ejects saw dust when it hallows out an area for its nest

Question 13

What are signs of a colony living inside a building?

Answer 13

Sighting of worker ants, 6-12mm in size
Piles of saw dust
Rustling sounds in walls, floor, ceiling
Sighting of ants inside the house in winter or spring when it’s too cold
Ant trails to and from the house

Question 14

What is western subterranean termite?

Answer 14

Feeds on wood and consequently can be very destructive to wooden structures
Most of their damage is confined to wood basements and at ground level

10mm long, black bodies long pale wings

Question 15

How do you control carpenter ants?

How do you control western subterranean termite?

Answer 15

Qualified pest control manager can provide effective control of the ants

Pest control professionals are needed to control the termite. Control requires blocking the termites access to its food source by physical and chemical means

Question 16

What is ‘skip’?

What is ‘hit and miss’?

What is ‘machine burn’?

Answer 16

An area that has not been surfaced cleanly

A series of skips, with the surfaced areas in between

Darkening of the wood is due to machine knives or rollers becoming overheated

Question 17

What is machine bite?

What is machine gouge?

Answer 17

Depressed cut by the machine knives at the end of a piece

Groove cut by the machine below the desired line

Question 18

Answer 18

a) ring shake. c) star shake
b) carpenter ant. d) powder post beetle
damage