Gyroscopic instruments Flashcards
3 basic gyro instruments:
TURN COORDINATOR
DIRECTIONAL GYRO
GYRO HORIZON (ARTIFICIAL HORIZON)
type of gyro that uses gyroscopic properties of precession
SEMI-RIGIDLY mounted
Uses ONLY 1 gimbal
FREEDOM about 1 axis
turn coordinator
Type of gyro that uses gyroscopic properties of precession and rigidity in space to maintain spin axis
HORIZONTAL to the earth’s surface
UNIVERSAL mounted
Uses 2 GIMBALS
Directional Gyro
Type of gyro that uses properties of precession to maintain VERTICAL axis
Uses rigidity in space to establish a reference plane
universal mounted
Uses 2 GIMBALS
Indicated pitch and roll
Artificial Horizon/Attitude indicator
Gyro instruments are driven by a vacuum. Before engine-driven vacuum pumps are used, this vacuum was accomplished by the use of a _______ tube.
venturi tube
The turn coordinator measures the rate of rotation about the _______ axis (yaw)
vertical axis
(Turn Coordinator) When the pointer is over the rate mark this indicates that aircraft is turning at a specified rate of ___ deg/s, ____ min turn.
3 degrees, 2 minute turn
Turn and slip
Turn coordinator
2 types of turn coordinators
Slip/Skid ball
Internal Gyro
2 separate instruments of 2 kinds of turn coordinator
(Turn Coordinator) The ball part of the indicator consist of a sealed, curved glass tube that contains a damping liquid with a ball that is free to move inside. This part is known as an _______.
inclinometer
The turn indicator portion of the instrument depends on the _______ of the gyro.
precession
A limitation of the turn and slip indicator is that it only senses rotation about the _______ (yaw) axis of the aircraft.
Vertical
The turn coordinator is similar to the turn indicator except it has its gyro canted at an angle (30 degrees) that allows it to sense the aircraft’s ______ movements.
roll
The gyro in a heading indicator is mounted in a double gimbal, as in an attitude indicator, but its spin axis is _______. The gyro rotor spins in the _______ plane, this allows it to sense rotation about the vertical axis of the aircraft.
Horizontal, Vertical
The directional gyro is used to provide a stable heading indication with reference to _______ north, however, this instrument must be manually realigned periodically using the magnetic reference from a compass.
Magnetic North
A knob on the front of the instrument can be pushed to ______ the gimbals. This allows the pilot to rotate the gyro and card until the number opposite the lubber line agrees with the magnetic compass
lock
(Horizontal Indicator) The horizontal indicator gyro rotor revolves with its spin axis in an ______ position. This position is rigidly maintained as the aircraft pitches and rolls about the space-rigid gyro.
Vertical position
(Horizontal Indicator) The rotor with its vertical spin axis is inside the _____ gimbal (rotor case). The _____ gimbal is connected to the instrument case.
inner, outer
(Horizontal Indicator) Once it is rotating, the gyro has its spin axis tied to earth vertical by a system of pendulous _____ and air jets. At the bottom of the rotor case are 4 air exhaust vents. When is it displaced from vertical, one vent will close and the other will open. The unbalanced reaction from the air vents restores the spin axis to vertical.
vanes
The attitude indicator will typically have bank angles marks located at ____, ____ and ____ degrees of bank.
10, 20 and 30 degrees of bank
(attitude indicator) In electric attitude indicators, the drive mechanism is an electric gyro (instead of vacuum driven). It is typically driven by ___ volt, ___-cycle AC. It turns at approximately ______ rpm.
115V
400-cycle
21,000rpm
(attitude indicator) The attitude director indicator (ADI) is an AI with the addition of _______ bars. These bars are driven by the flight director computer and provides visual steering commands to the pilot.
command
(attitude indicator) Gyros normally require about ______ minutes to stop spinning after being powered down.
20 minutes
