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Paramedic 1 > Gynecology/Pediatrics > Flashcards

Gynecology/Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Define and differentiate Gynecology and Obstetrics

A

Gynecology is the study of and maintenance of diseases and health of women, Obstetrics is the branch of health related to women throughout pregnancy

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2
Q

What is the external female genitalia referred to as?

A

Vulva

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3
Q

What is the tissue separating the vagina and the anus called?

A

Peritoneum

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4
Q

what is an episiotomy?

A

Surgical incision of the peritoneum to help facilitate childbirth.

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5
Q

What is the Mons Pubis?

A

Fatty layer of tissue over the Pubic Symphysis

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6
Q

What are the two sets of labia and where are they located?

A

Labia Majora and Labia Minora, Majora is located laterally while Minora is more medial

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of non-traumatic abdominal complaint in females?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

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8
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of PID?

A

Shuffling GaitIntense pain when walkingIn severe cases: Fever, Chills, Nausea, Vomiting, SepsisFoul smelling vaginal discharge, often yellow in color

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9
Q

What are signs and symptoms of ruptured ovarian cysts?

A

Complaint of unilateral abdominal pain radiating to the backHx of irregular bleeding, Dyspareunia, delayed menstrual periodVaginal Bleeding

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10
Q

What are ruptured ovarian cysts?

A

Cysts developing independent of ovulation that has ruptured, commonly from intercourse or physical activity

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11
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

A Urinary tract Infection (UTI) that occurs from bacteria typically entering through the urethra.

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12
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of cystitis?

A

Abdominal pain above the pubic symphysisPain and complications with urinationLow grade fever

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13
Q

What is Mittelschmerz?

A

Ovulation accompanied with pain

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14
Q

Common signs and symptoms of mittelschmerz

A

Mid-cycle spottingLow grade fever, but consider that body temperature rises during ovulationUnilateral lower abdominal pain

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15
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Hood that covers the urethra

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16
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

Fold of the labia minora that covers the clitoris

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17
Q

How long is female urethra?

A

2 to 3 centimeters in length

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18
Q

How long is the vaginal canal?

A

9 to 10 cm in length

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19
Q

What are 3 vaginal functions?

A

Receives penis during intercourse, canal for birth, outlet for menstruation

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20
Q

What is Dysmenorrhea and Dyspareunia?

A

Dysmenorrhea is painful periodsDyspareunia is painful intercourse

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21
Q

Define and differentiate Parity, Gravida, and Abortion

A

Parity is live birthsGravida is number of times pregnantAbortion is number of times pregnancy has ended prior to 20 weeks

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22
Q

What time frame is a neonate?

A

First 28 days of life

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23
Q

Normal V/S for a neonate?

A

Pulse: 140Resp: 40Always cold

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24
Q

How much body surface area does a neonate’s head cover?

A

20%, Approximately same as torso

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25
Q

What are common illnesses for neonates?

A

Jaundice, Vomiting and Respiratory distress

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26
Q

Fever is a common sign with minor illnesses involving neonates. True/False?

A

False, fever will develop for major illnesses but not minor ones

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27
Q

What percent of runs are usually pediatric?

A

10% - 20%

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28
Q

On top of taking care of a pediatric patient who else must you be conscious of?

A

The parent

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29
Q

What are common fears from a pediatric patient during care?

A

Separation from parentsStrangersBeing HurtMutilation and disfigurement The unknown

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30
Q

What are some common things to keep in mind about a 2 month old?

A

All they do are sleep, eat and poopCannot tell difference with caregivers and strangersLimited motor ability and poor sight with non-conjugate gazeWell developed hearing

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31
Q

What are some benchmarks for a 2 to 6 month old?

A

More active (Kick and punching air)Eye contact and recognition of caregiverVigorous cryFollow lights and bright colors

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32
Q

what are benchmarks for a 6 - 12 month old

A

Learn to sit unsupported and talk/babbleReach for toys and developing coordination@7 - 8 months develops stranger and separation anxietyAble to crawl

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33
Q

If a pediatric patient isn’t active what should be assessed?

A

Asking the parent if that is normal for the child.

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34
Q

What is a major concern of homeostasis for all pediatric patients?

A

Heat loss and poor regulation of temperature

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35
Q

For the first approximately 6-8 weeks of life babies are breathing through which airway?

A

Nasal airway. Babies are obligate nose breathers. Consider nasal airway obstruction from mucous and etc.

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36
Q

As opposed to chest movement babies have what type of movement with respirations?

A

Belly movement, if c-spining a pediatric patient consider belt placement and ensure it is not over the belly.

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37
Q

When assessing an infant how should the assessment begin and go?

A

Toe to head to allow the infant to get used to the assessment.Observe, Auscultate and palpate in that order as wellPerform the assessment slowly and calmly

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38
Q

Do not feed infants in pre-hospital setting

A

Don’t do it

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39
Q

What vital sign is a poor indicator of anything in an infant

A

Blood pressure.

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40
Q

What is the formula for a systolic blood pressure?

A

70 + (2x age)

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41
Q

By 1 - 4 years of age what are some benchmarks?

A

Rapid growth, most can run and communicateNo sense of dangerThey are center of their worldConcrete thinkers, learn by trial and errorAfraid of strangers

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42
Q

Children typically fall on what while falling?

A

Head due to the large size

43
Q

While assessing toddlers and preschoolers what are some considerations?

A

Toe to headGet on childs level both physical and mentalAllow child to stay in caregivers lapUse childs nameUse caregivers helpPraise the childNEVER LIE TO PATIENTS OR PARENTS

44
Q

What are common toddler and preschooler illnesses?

A

CroupAsthmaPoisiningAuto accidentsBurnsChild AbuseIngestion of foreign bodiesDrowningFebrile SeizuresMeningitis

45
Q

What are benchmarks for school age kids age 5 - 9 years?

A

TalkativeAnalytical, understands cause and effectHave wrong ideas about their ideas about bodiesCan understand simple explanationsAnatomy and Physiology closer to adult by 8 years

46
Q

What is the Central Ohio Poison Center phone number?

A

1-800-222-1222

47
Q

What are considerations for a school age child assessment?

A

Explain procedures to the childProvide privacyDo not negotiateUse judgement when choosing toe to head or head to toe assessmentInclude child and caregiver for history

48
Q

What are common injuries in school age kids?

A

Trauma: falls accidents, sports injuries, fractures

49
Q

What are benchmarks and considerations for adolescent patients

A

Just like toddlers, more mobile not much senseRational, understand cause and effect and are able to express themselvesFeels indestructible, shifts from relying family to relying on friendsStruggle with independence, loss of control, body image, sexuality and peer pressure

50
Q

Regardless of age what happens when a female is determined to be pregnant?

A

Legally they are considered an adult

51
Q

What are considerations for adolescent assessments

A

Provide complete information, and explanation Speak directly and show respectPatient may prefer that parent or caregiver is present for examUse friends to help comfort or persuade

52
Q

What are common illnesses and injuries for adolescents

A

MononucleosisAsthmaAuto AccidentsSports injuriesDrug and alcoholSuicidal gesturesSexual abuseSTD’s

53
Q

What is the common pneumonic for pediatric assessments?

A

C: Chief complaintI: Immunizations/IsolationsA: AllergiesM: MedicationsP: PMHE: Events surroundingD: Diet/DiapersS: Symptoms

54
Q

What is Pediatric Triangle Assessment?

A

AppearanceWork of BreathingCirculation

55
Q

For a pediatric patient, their blood pressure will remain stable or at a hypertensive state what amount of blood loss will cause hypotension?

A

1/3 of blood volume

56
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid will have a sugar reading, true or false?

A

True

57
Q

What does rash indicate in a pediatric patient and what are two considerations to have with rashes?

A

Indicative of patient being septic, mask up and check rash for blanching

58
Q

What is Petechiae and Purpura?

A

Rashes that do not blanch

59
Q

What is the primary reason a child goes into arrest?

A

Airway/Respiratory related

60
Q

What are some significant considerations for kids upper airways?

A

Huge headsSmall nasal passagesLarger tonguesFloppy epiglottisDeciduous teeth

61
Q

What is the exclusive intubation route for children?

A

Oral intubation

62
Q

What are reasons to not nasally intubate a child?

A

Adenoids are very vascularNares may be too smallCauses increased intracranial pressureCricoid is higher and anterior making nasal intubation more difficult

63
Q

What kind of response would you expect from intubating a child?

A

vagal response

64
Q

How do you measure pediatric size equipment?

A

Length based resuscitation tapeEstimate based on pinky finger(Age+16)/4

65
Q

If unable to intubate a pediatric what is a good fall back airway?

A

BVM with OPA

66
Q

If unable to intubate and unable to ventilate what is a good fall back airway?

A

Cricothyrotomy

67
Q

In children <10 years of age what do we use for cricothyrotomy?

A

Needle Cricothyrotomy

68
Q

Define and differentiate between Distress, Failure and Arrest

A

Distress is compensatedFailure is uncompensatedArrest means there is no effort at all

69
Q

What is croup?

A

Infection of the Upper Airway

70
Q

What are common signs and symptoms associated with croup?

A

Mild cold until the evening, After dark seal-like bark occursInspiratory stridorNasal FlaringTracheal tugging or retraction

71
Q

Cool air helps relieve what airway infection?

A

Croup

72
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Acute infection and inflammation of the epiglottis

73
Q

What is the usual bacterial infection that causes epiglottis?

A

Haemophilus Influenzae Type BNote: due to the availability of H. Influenza vaccines epiglottis has become an uncommon occurence

74
Q

What are common signs and symptoms with epiglottitis?

A

Similar signs and symptoms with croupCherry red and swollen epiglottis (note: DO NOT visualize the airway)Tripod positionDrooling

75
Q

On pediatric patients with epiglottitis, what should you AVOID doing?

A

IV sticks, blood pressure checks and rough handling of the child. Stress can cause a complete airway obstruction from spasms

76
Q

What is bacterial tracheitis?

A

Bacterial infection of the subglottic airway.

77
Q

What are signs and symptoms of bacterial tracheitis?

A

Similar to croupProductive cough of pus and mucous

78
Q

What is the management and treatment of a pediatric patient with a foreign body obstruction?

A

DO NOT attempt to visualize the airwayIf the obstruction is partial, position of comfort with humidified oxygenIf obstruction is complete, perform BLS foreign body removal, if unsuccessful remove with magill forceps, intubate.If intubation and BLS airway support fails consider cricothyrotomy

79
Q

Define Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airwayCharacterized by bronchospasm and excessive mucous production

80
Q

Once a child has been exposed to a trigger for asthma it begins a two phase reaction, what are those two phases?

A

Phase one: Release of chemical mediators like histamines that cause bronchoconstrictions and bronchial edema.Phase two: If asthma attack is not resolved, bronchioles become inflamed and inhaled bronchodilators are no longer effective, anti-inflammatory drugs are required at this point

81
Q

What would be the proper management of a pediatric patient with Asthma?

A

OxygenAlbuterol/Atrovent Metered Dose Inhaler

82
Q

What would be two good questions for a pediatric patient suspected to have asthma?

A

If they normally wheeze and cough beforeMedications they take (particularly albuterol and metered dose inhalers)

83
Q

Define status asthmaticus

A

Prolonged asthma attack unbroken by aggressive pharmacological treatment

84
Q

Define Bronchiolitis

A

Infection of the medium sized airways, the bronchioles, do not confuse with bronchitis which is infection of the larger bronchi

85
Q

What causes bronchiolitis?

A

Viral infection, most commonly respiratory synctial virus (RSV) that affects the lining of the bronchioles

86
Q

What are signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

Expiratory wheeze and clinically resembles asthma

87
Q

Define pneumonia

A

infection of lower airway and lungs,either by bacterium or viral.

88
Q

What are signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Crackles, RhonchiLowgrade feverChest painDecreased breath sounds

89
Q

Define a febrile seizure

A

seizure caused by fever

90
Q

When a child is suspected of seizing what is the best assessment to be performed?

A

Assess eye movements in the child, children typically burn up enough sugars while seizing that they will be unable to move extremities.heavily active eye movements indicate seizure.

91
Q

What is an appropriate fluid bolus amount for a child?

A

20ml/kg

92
Q

Hypovolemia can typically occur in what medical emergencies in pediatrics?

A

Diarrhea, Burns, DKA or Vomiting

93
Q

What is the formula for fluid iv bolus for a pediatric?

A

20 ml per kg normal saline up to 3 boluses

94
Q

Define gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the GI tract caused by bacterial, viral or parasitic agenttypically caused by viral diarrheaAntibiotic TherapyCystic FibrosisMilk AllergyLactose deficiency

95
Q

What causes bradycardia in pediatric patients?

A

02 deficiencyOverdoseHypothermia

96
Q

How is bradycardia treated in pediatric Patients?

A

Manage airway and breathingCompressions if HR <60 with poor perfusionAdminister Epi 1:10,000 0.01 mg/kg IV or IO max dose 1mg

97
Q

If pediatric patient does not respond to epi first what else can we try?

A

Atropine, however most kids will not respond because they are not bradycardic from vagal response

98
Q

What is a good vagel maneuver for a child in SVT

A

Tell a child to blow the plunger out of a 10 ml syringealso can try ice pack applied to face

99
Q

What is the rate for synchronized cardioversion in a pediatric paitent.

A

1j/kg for first shock, 2j/kg for second shock and keep at 2 j

100
Q

What is given to treat SVT and dose in a pediatric patient

A

Adenosine 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg Rapid Iv Push

101
Q

If you have a pediatric patient in v-tach what treatment is it for unstable v-tach?

A

Synchronized cardioversion at 1j/kg first shock and then 2nd shock at 2j/kg

102
Q

What is antiarrythmic therapy for a pediatric in v-tach?

A

Amiodarone 5mg per kg or Lidocaine 1 mg per kg

103
Q

For absent pulses in a pediatric patient what is treatment

A

CPREpi 1:10,000 0.01 mg/kg iv push every 3 - 5 minutesPacingCorrecting causes

Paramedic 1 (5 decks)

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