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Women's Health > Gynecological Oncology Lecture Powepoint > Flashcards

Gynecological Oncology Lecture Powepoint Flashcards

This is a shit one

1
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disorders of cellular growth and development, may result from abnormal cell size, number, or differentiation

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2
Q

Neoplasia

A

Process of accelerated or uninhibited division and growth of abnormal cells

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3
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in number of cells, usually an adaptive response to demans for increased tissue function

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4
Q

Benign characteristics

A

-well differentiated, slow growth, localized, noninvasive, defined margins

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5
Q

Malignant characteristics

A

Poorly differentiated, fast growth, invasive spread, margins not clear

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6
Q

Carcinoma

A

A cancer of epithelial cell origin

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7
Q

Sarcoma

A

A cancer of connective tissue origin

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8
Q

Doubling time of a tumor determines….

A

….how aggressive it is

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9
Q

Direct spread

A

Invasion of cancer into surrounding tissues, lack of demarcated borders

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10
Q

Metastasis

A

Invasion of cancer into vessels or lymphatics

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11
Q

TNM classification

A

Varies with different types of cancers and how far they are developed, as well as how they are treated and their prognosis, T standing for size (0-4) N for number of regional lymph nodes involved (0-4) and M0 for abscence of metastatis or M1 for presence of it

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12
Q

Most common causes of vulvar, cervical, and vaginal cancer

A

HPV subtypes 16 and 18

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13
Q

VIN

A

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, classified by depth and epithelial cell maturation, with I being mild and III being severe dysplasia

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14
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Vulvar skin disease most often seen in post menopausal white women, treated with surgical removal

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15
Q

Cancer of the vulva is most often what type?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

1/3 of patients with vulvar cancer will also have…

A

….A 2nd malignancy usually cervical or vaginal

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17
Q

When you find VIN or paget’s disease you should look for….

A

…additional cancers of the vagina, cervix, or uterus

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18
Q

Paget’s disease with nodal involvement

A

Invariably fatal presentaiton

19
Q

Paget’s disease of the breast

A

A rare form of breast cancer that starts on the nipple and extends to the areola, related to paget’s disease of the vulva

20
Q

Key to surviving cancer of the vulva

A

Early detection and treatment

21
Q

Most common vaginal cancer

A

Cervical cancer extension into adjacent vaginal tissue

22
Q

Best time to diagnose vaginal cancer

A

Looking at vaginal mucosa when moving or removing speculum

23
Q

Treatment for vaginal cancer

A

Surgery or radiation, chemo is not effective

24
Q

Gravida/parity/abortus

A

Times been pregnant/times given live birth/lost pregnancies

25
Q

Cervical cancer treatment even in early stages includes…

A

…hysterectomy

26
Q

Most common gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial cancer

27
Q

Triad risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus

28
Q

Other endometrial cancer risk factors (5)

A
  • PCOS
  • exogenous estrogen
  • nulliparity
  • multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
  • tamoxifen
29
Q

Endometrial cancer number 1 symptom

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

30
Q

Any menopausal or postmenopausal paatient with abnormal bleeding must be evaluated for….

A

…endometrial cancer

31
Q

Endometrial cancer diagnosis (also, what specific thing do you never do for this)

A

Biopsy (never a pap smear)

32
Q

Tumor marker in endometrial cancer or ovarian cancer

A

CA 125

33
Q

Endometrial cancer treatment (both standard and non standard of care)

A
  • Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is standard
  • Progestational agents to produce antitumor response is nonstandard but preserves fertility
34
Q

Common uterine sarcoma presentation

A

Usually after 40 yrs, rapid enlargement of uterus or a leiomyoma

35
Q

Ovarian cancer risk factors

A

Low parity and family history

36
Q

2 preventative measures against ovarian cancer

A

Multiple pregnancies or oral contraceptives

37
Q

2 syndromes associated with ovarian cancer

A
  • Lynch II

- Breast ovarian cancer syndrome

38
Q

Primary mode of dissemination of ovarian cancer

A

Implantation on peritoneal surfaces

39
Q

Ovarian cancer is often ____ until it has already progressed into stage III or IV

A

Asymptomatic

40
Q

Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule

A

Metastatic implant in the umbilicus and a screeing test for ovarian cancer

41
Q

Ovarian cancer diagnosis

A

Ultrasound imaging (often false positives) followed by diagnostic laporoscopy

42
Q

Elevated CA-125 cannot ___ a patient with ovarian cancer, it is only ___

A

diagnose definitively, supplemental

43
Q

BRCA 1 and 2 mutations

A

Associated with increased rates of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer

Women's Health (17 decks)

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