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Women's Health > Female Physiology Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

Female Physiology Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

This is gon be bad mmmkay

1
Q

2 phases of the female ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase and luteal phase

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2
Q

GnRH is released by….

A

Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in a pulsatile function into the hypophyseal portal system

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3
Q

Follicular phase can vary between ____ and ___ days, the luteal phase is almost always ____ days

A

10-20, 14

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4
Q

Low body fat decreases leptin. This inhibits what hormone’s release?

A

GnRH

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5
Q

FSH and LH are released by…

A

anterior pituitary in response to GnRH

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6
Q

2 phases of the female menstrual cycle

A

Proliferative and secretory phases

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7
Q

Inhibitors of GnRH (6)

A
  • Dopamine
  • seratonin
  • GABA
  • CRH
  • Opoid B endorphin
  • Excess DHEAs
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8
Q

Activators of GnRH (6)

A
  • Epi
  • Norepi
  • leptin
  • Galantin
  • neuropeptide Y
  • Gulatmate
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9
Q

Activin is released by…

A

The ovary

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10
Q

Activin function

A

Positive effect on FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary, inhibit produciton of progesterone

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11
Q

Inhibin is released by…

A

The ovary

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12
Q

Inhibin function

A

Negative effect on FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Follistatin is released by…

A

The ovary

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14
Q

Follistatin function

A

Inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary AND inhibits activin activity from the ovary

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15
Q

Estrogen and progesterone must be used together hormone replacement therapy. Why?

A

Progesterone prevents the overgrowth of the endometrial lining preventing uterine cancer from unregulated estrogen levels

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16
Q

Neuropeptide Y function

A

Stimulates GnRH release from the hypothalamus at low levels, inhibits GnRH release at high levels, low estrogen causes an increase in neuropeptide Y levles

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17
Q

Leptin function

A

Stimulates GnRH release from the hypothalamus, too much or too little will have a negative impact on GnRH release

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18
Q

Too much DHEAs from obesity or PCOS causes….

A

…An inhibitory effect of GnRH release

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19
Q

Epi and norepi function

A

Stimulates GnRH release from the hypothalamus

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20
Q

Dopamine and seratonin function

A

Inhibits GnRH release from the hypothalamus

21
Q

Angiotensin II action

A

Regulation of norepi and dopamine to either start or stop menstruation in the result of regulating blood pressure

22
Q

Somatostatin function

A

Has a negative effect on growth hormone, prolactin, and TSH

23
Q

Galanin is release from…

A

The Hypothalamus

24
Q

Galanin function

A

Release from the hypothalamus and enters the portal circulation to have a positive effect on LH secretion from the anterior pituitary

25
Q

What inhibits galanin? What sitmulates it?

A

Dopamine and somatostatin / TRH

26
Q

Melatonin is released from…

A

Pineal gland

27
Q

Melatonin function

A

Inhibition of GnRH release at the hypothalamus

28
Q

KISS1

A

Gene that encodes for kisspeptin, linked to stimulate GnRH pulsatile release

29
Q

A lack of KISS1 expression

A

Results in a lack of GnRH, –> hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

30
Q

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism causes…

A

Results in Kallmann syndrome with no sense of smell

31
Q

CRH and GABA have a ____ effect on GnRH, glutamate has a ____

A

Negative, positive

32
Q

Day 1 of menstrual cycle is the start of….

A

Menses

33
Q

How many days after ovulation do you bleed?

A

14 days

34
Q

An easy way to tell if someone has ovulated is….

A

…Look at progesterone levels

35
Q

Proliferative phase corresponds to the….

A

Follicular phase

36
Q

Luteal phase corresponds to the….

A

secretory phase

37
Q

Menses are brought on by declining levels of these 3 hormones, and an increase in this hormonal level

A

Estrogen, progesterone, inhibin / FSH

38
Q

Highlights day 1 -7 follicular phase

A
  • Menstruation as endometrial lining sloughs off due to low estrogen progesterone
  • Low estrogen inhibits release of FSH LH, but FSH and LH release is slowly increasing the estrogen conc (Theca cells bind LH and produce androstedione) (Follicular cells bind FSH and produce aromatase that converts androstedione into estrogen)
39
Q

Estrogen at low conc. has a ___ effect on LH and FSH, this changes at a high conc. to a ____

A
  • Inhibitory

- Stimulatory (LH surge)

40
Q

Highlights day 7-14 follicular phase

A
  • LH surge occurs with positive feedback from estrogen, this triggers the follicle to secrete progesterone in low conc.
  • Low conc. of progesterone (measured in ovulation predictor kits) stimulate FSH surge occurring immediately prior to ovulation
  • Follicular rupture of mature follicle, remaining die via atresia
41
Q

Highlights days 14-28 luteal phase

A
  • Estrogen and progesterone and inhibin levels grow high from corpus luteum, this inhibits GnRH, FSH, and LH from the hypothalamus and pituitary
  • Corpus luteum degenerates to corpus albicans unless stimulated by hCG to be retained, FSH levels begin to rise again, menses will begin
42
Q

Does birth control save eggs?

A

Nope, die off and get fewer and fewer, most fertile time is 23-25 of eggs, 30’s is getting too old

43
Q

1st polar body

A

Creates a primary oocyte after dividing, the first meiotic division that occurs upon ovulation

44
Q

2nd polar body

A

Creates a 2ndary oocyte, occurs after fertilization via sperm

45
Q

Granulosa cells produce…., what targets it?

A

Estrogen using aromatase from androstendione precursor from theca cells, FSH

46
Q

Thecal cells produce…, what targets it?

A

Androstendione, LH

47
Q

Two cell theory

A

The team synergy between theca release of androstendiones and granulosa conversion to estrogens

48
Q

E1

A

Old lady estrogen, doesn’t have enough aromatase to work

49
Q

E3

A

Estriol, often seen in pregnancy

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