Gynae and obs: gestational, placental disorders Flashcards
disorders of early pregnancy (2)
- Spontaneous abortion
- Ectopic pregnancy
Disorders of late pregnancy (3)
- Placental abnormalities
- Placental inflammations
- Toxemias of pregnancy
trophoblastic diseases (3)
- hydatidiform moles (partial/complete)
- Invasive mole
- Choriocarcinoma
spontaneous abortion
- which part of pregnancy does it usually happen
before 12 weeks
spontaneous abortion causes
- Uterine defects: fibroids, polyps
- Endocrine factors
- Systemic disorders: HTN, Diabetes
- Fetal chromosomal anomalies
- Infections: TORCH (congenital):
toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex
ectopic pregnancy definition
Implantation of the fetus in any site other than a normal uterine location
risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (6)
- Chronic salpingitis (gonococcal infection)
- Peritubal adhesions (appendicitis)
- Leiomyomas
- Previous surgery
- Benign cysts and tumours of tube
- IUCD (intra uterine contraceptive device)
ectopic pregnancy clinical features (4)
- Amenorrhoea (6-8 weeks)
- Abdominal pain
- Vaginal bleeding
- Hemorrhagic shock
ectopic pregnancy complications (4)
- rupture
- haemorrhage
- > Haematosalpinx (bleeding in FT)
- > Haemoperitoneum (bleeding into peritoneal cavity)
- spontaneous regression of pregnancy
- tubal abortion
ectopic pregnancy diagnostic methods (3)
- hCG titres: indicate pregnancy
- pelvic ultrasound: dilation of FT
- endometrial biopsy: pregnancy like changes but no placenta
placental inflammation
- possible sites (3)
- how infection get to the placenta
- placenta: villitis
- membranes: chorioamnionitis
- umbilical cord: funisitis
- ascend through birth canal
- hematogenous
organisms causing placental infections (4 groups + special pneumonic!*)
- STD: syphilis, chlamydia
- bacteria: strep, listeriosis
- viral: rubella, CMV, HSV*
- protozoa: toxoplasmosis*
TORCH**
consequences of antenatal (before birth) infections
- IUGR (Intrauterine growth restriction)
- low birth weight
- premature birth
- congenital anormalies
- deafness
complications of toxemia of pregnancy (blood poisoning by toxins)
- Preeclampsia: Hypertension, proteinuria, edema
- eclampsia: (severe)
Convulsion (sudden involuntary contraction of muscles)
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation: causes blood clots to form throughout the body)
toxemia of pregnancy
- which part of pregnancy does it usually happen
- who does it affect more
last trimester
primiparas (pts giving birth for the 1st time)