CVS - antihypertensive Flashcards
4 groups of antihypertensives
ABCD
- diuretics
- beta blockers
- ACE inhibitor/ AT1-R antagonist (angiotensin II receptor ant)
- calcium blockers
how does BP increase
- activation of b1 receptors of heart -> increase CO
- activation of a1 receptors in smooth muscle -> increase peripheral resistance
- activation of RAAS through: decreased renal blood flow -> decrease GFR
how to achieve vasodilator effects
- Ca2+ channel blocker: Ca2+ channel stimulate contraction
- K+ channel opener: after K+ diffuses out of cell -> hard to get depolarised any further by Ca2+, same effect as Ca2+ channel blocker
- NO (nitirc oxide)
vasodilator drug
minoxidil
minoxidil MOA
dilates arterioles but does not affect the veins
used only for severe-malignant HT (NOT for mild HTN)
minoxidil ADR
reflex sympathetic stimulation fluid retention (H2O and K+ opp way, so if K+ diffuse out, more water will remain in the cell
ACE inhibitors drugs (4)
(-pril)
- captopril
- enalapril
- ramipril
- lisinopril
ACE inhibitors clinical uses
- hypertension
- cardiac failure
- post-MI
- renal insufficiency - cause decrease Na+/H2O retention -> more get excreted
ACE inhibitors ADR + CI
- hypotension
- acute renal failure
- hyperkalemia (Na+/H2O gets excreted)
- bradykinin effects: angioedema and dry cough**
CI: pregnancy**
Ang II blockers (AT1) drugs (6)
(-sartan)
- losartan
- valsartan
- candesartan
- eprosartan
- irbesartan
- telmisartan
ANG II blockers ADR and CI
CI: pregnancy
no bradykinin effects (dry cough)
groups of drugs to use for Angina Pectoris
A - BC
beta blockers
Ca2+ channel blockers
groups of drugs to use for Congestive HF
C - AD
diuretics
ACE/Ang II inhibitors
NO calcium blockers
groups of drugs to use for post-MI
M - AB
beta blockers
ACE/Ang II inhibitors
groups of drugs to use for chronic Renal Disease
R - NA
all exc ACE/Ang II inhibitors
diuretics
beta blockers
Ca2+ channel blockers
