Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Women's Health 1 > Gyn. Phys > Flashcards

Gyn. Phys Flashcards

1
Q

tunica albuginea

A

outer connective tissue covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ovarian follicles

A
  • oocyte develops within it
  • follicle cells
  • granulosa cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primordial follicle

A

oocyte + follicle cells layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primary follicle

A

oocyte + 2 layers granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secondary follicle

A
  • fluid filled spaces

- coalesce to form antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vesicular follicle (Graafian)

A
  • most mature
  • bulging from surface
  • ooctye sits on stalk of granulosa cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

corpus luteum

A
  • post ovulation

- degenerating follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

corpus albicans

A

degenerated follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anatomical sites of the duct system

A
  • salpinx / fallopian tube: extends laterally from uterus
  • isthmus
  • ampulla
  • infundibulum
  • fimbriae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

layers of the uterine tubes

A
  • serosa
  • subserosa
  • muscular: longitudinal and circular smooth muscles; creates peristaltic movement
  • mucosa: simple columnar; two populations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cells within the uterine tubes

A
  • ciliated: MC; most abundant in infundibulum

- peg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of the ciliated cells of the uterine tubes

A

create wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of the peg cells in the uterine tubes

A
  • produce tubular fluid: nutrients and proteases
  • estrogen increases secretions
  • progesterone decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

uterus

A
  • thick, pear shaped
  • anterior to rectum
  • posterosuperior to bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

regions of the uterus

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • cervical canal
  • internal and external os
  • cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

layers of the uterine wall

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

myometrium

A
  • bulky muscular layer

- interlaced smooth muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endometrium

A
  • stratum functionalis: undergoes cyclic changes, sheds every 28 days
  • stratum basalis: provides new functionalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

uterine blood supply

A

internal iliac –> uterine artery –> arcuate arteries –> radial branches –> basal and functionalis layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

functionalis layer of uterine blood supply

A
  • spiral arteries

- repeatedly degenerated and regenerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uterine glands

A
  • glycogen rich secretion
  • nourish zygote
  • action enhanced by P
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

vagina

A
  • thin walled muscular tube 8-10 cm
  • b/w bladder and rectum
  • from cervix to exterior
  • proximal ends form vaginal fornix around the cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

layers of the vaginal wall

A
  • adventitia
  • muscularis
  • mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mucosa of the vaginal wall

A
  • rugae
  • stratified squamous
  • no mucus glands
  • mucus from cervical glands and exterior mucous glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

epithelial glands of vaginal wall

A
  • glycogen granules
  • vaginal normal flora metabolize
  • releasing lactic acid
  • pH 3.3-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hymen

A
  • external partition

- partially covers introitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

external genitialia

A
  • vulva
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • vestibule
  • bartholins glands
  • clitoris
  • perineum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

muscles of perineum

A
  • perinei
  • coccygeus
  • levator ani
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mammary glands

A
  • modified sweat glands
  • anterior to pectoral muscles
  • areola
  • lobes
  • lobules
  • glandular alveoli (produce milk)
  • lactiferous ducts
  • nipple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

oogenesis

A
  • female gamete production

- release occurs puberty to menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

oogonia

A
  • diploid stem cells
  • fetal ovary
  • develop into oocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

primary oocytes

A
  • replicate DNA, enter meiosis

- halted at prophase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

primordial follicle

A
  • primary oocyte + follicles cells
  • about 700k at birth
  • a few develop every month thru reproductive years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

secondary oocyte

A
  • oocyte + polar body
  • enters meiosis II
  • halts at metaphase II
  • ovulated in mature follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the 2 fates of secondary oocyte

A
  • no sperm penetration: disintegrates

- sperm penetrates: completion of meiosis II

36
Q

follicular phase

A
  1. primordial follicle becomes a primary follicle
  2. primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle
  3. secondary follicle becomes vesicular follicle
37
Q

describe how the primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle

A
  • follicle cells form layers and become granulosa cells
  • theca folliculi forms around follicle
  • zona pellucida forms around oocyte - from granulosa cells secretions
  • LH influences meiosis to resume
  • oocyte becomes secondary oocyte
38
Q

describe how the secondary follicle becomes vesicular follicle

A
  • antrum expands
  • corona radiata forms around the zona pellucida
  • ovum isolated on a stalk
  • fluid fills space forms tension
39
Q

ovulatory phase

A
  • tension in mature follicle is high
  • wall ruptures
  • secondary oocyte and membranes enters peritoneal cavity
  • mittelschmertz
40
Q

luteal phase

A
  • post ovulation
  • granulosa and theca cells become corpus luteum
  • antrum fills w/ blood clot
  • converted to lipid rich luteal cells
  • secretes progesterone and estrogen
41
Q

2 fates of the luteal phase

A
  • pregnancy: corpus luteum persists until placenta takes over endocrine duties
  • no pregnancy: corpus luteum hormone function declines, degenerates, forms corpus albicans
42
Q

hormone regulation of the establishment of the ovarian cycle

A
  • in childhood, ovaries grow and secrete estrogen
  • this inhibits GnRH release
  • as puberty nears the hypthalamus becomes less inhibited by E and secretes GnRH
  • gonadotropins are released
  • ovaries increase estrogen production over 3-4 years
  • menarche occurs
43
Q

adult cyclic hormonal interaction of ovarian cycle

A
  • rising levels of GnRH stimulate LH and FSH release
  • they simulate follicular growth and maturation
  • E levels rise
  • feedback to pituitary to stop release of LH and FSH but increase production and storage
  • rising E then stimulates midcyle LH burst which induces ovulation, continuation of meiosis II and corpus luteum production
44
Q

LH

  • what cells
  • what does it produce
A
  • thecal cells

- androgens

45
Q

FSH

  • what cells
  • what does it produce
A
  • follicle cells

- estrogen

46
Q

what inhibits release of LH and FSH

A

progesterone

47
Q

menstrual phase days 1-5

A
  • Corpus luteum support of endometrium declines -Endometrium thins
  • Local prostaglandins cause spasm of spiral arteries
  • Initial hemorrhages appear
  • Endometrium necroses and detaches
  • Menses appear
  • Meanwhile back at the ovary, the follicular phase begins
48
Q

menstrual phase days 6-14

A

-Stratum basalis proliferates: under influence of E
-New functionalis layer grows
-Spiral arteries proliferate
-E thins cervical mucus
-Meanwhile back at the ovary follicular phase continues and
ovulatory phase occurs

49
Q

menstrual phase days 14-21

A
  • Corpus luteum is producing P
  • Supports thick uterine lining
  • Spiral arteries coil
  • Endometrial glands secrete glycogen
  • Cervical mucus thickens
  • Uterus ready for implantation
  • If no zygote, corpus luteum fades, P support of endometrium declines
  • Sloughing ensues
  • Menses on D1 of next cycle
50
Q

breast cycle

A
  • E causes proliferation of ducts
  • P causes growth of lobules and alveoli
  • pain and tenderness
  • changes decline w/o pregnancy
51
Q

GnRH

  • source
  • target
  • action
A
  • hypothalamus
  • anterior pituitary
  • prompts release of anterior pituitary gonadotropicns (LH FSH)
52
Q

what inhibits GnRH?

A

estrogen

53
Q

LH

  • source
  • target
  • action
A

-anterior pituitary
-gonads via circulation
Actions:
-E production
-thecal cells: androgen
-granulosa cells: convert to E
-oocyte meiosis
-ovulation
-convert spent follicle to CL

54
Q

what inhibits LH

A

estrogen

55
Q

FSH

  • source
  • target
  • action
A
  • anterior pituitary
  • gonads via circulation
  • stimulates E production by granulosa cells and follicle maturation
56
Q

what inhibits FSH

A
  • E

- inhibin

57
Q

estrogen is synthesized from what?

A

cholesterol

58
Q

what all secretes estrogen

A
  • granulosa cells
  • corpus luteum
  • placenta
  • adipose, muscle, brain
59
Q

transport of estrogen

A
  • 60% bound to albumin
  • 33% bound to gonadal steroid binding globulin
  • remainder free in plasma
60
Q

elimination of estrogen

A
  • conjugated in liver

- eliminated by kidney

61
Q

MoA of estrogen

A
  • binds intracellular receptors
  • forms dimer
  • binds DNA
  • alters transcription
62
Q

ERalpha

A
  • uterus
  • kidneys
  • heart
  • breast
63
Q

ERbeta

A
  • ovaries
  • lungs
  • GI
  • bone
  • CNS
64
Q

effects of estrogen on the genitalia

A
  • ovarian follicle growth
  • increased uterine tube activity
  • endometrial lining proliferation
  • increased and maintain uterine muscle
65
Q

endocrine function of estrogen on the anterior pituitary

A

inhibit FSH secretion

66
Q

endocrine function of estrogen on the liver

A

increase angiotensin II production (vasoconstriction and and sodium reabsorption, water retention)

67
Q

endocrine function of estrogen on CNS

A
  • mood (increased serotonin R)

- cognition

68
Q

endocrine function of estrogen on breast

A
  • duct growth
  • pigmentation of areola
  • inhibits lactation post parturition
69
Q

other effects of estrogen

A
  • lowers cholesterol
  • increases NO production and local vasodilation
  • decreases bone degradation
  • closure of epiphyseal plate
  • libido
  • estrus
  • establishment and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
70
Q

progesterone is synthesized by what?

A

cholesterol

71
Q

what all secretes progesterone

A
  • corpus luteum
  • placenta
  • small amount from follicle
72
Q

transport of progesterone

A
  • 80% bound to albumin
  • 18% bound to corticosteroid binding flobulin
  • remainder in free plasma
73
Q

elimination of progesterone

A
  • conjugated in liver

- eliminated by kidney

74
Q

progesterone is stimulated by?

A

LH

75
Q

target of progesterone

A
  • uterus
  • breasts
  • brain
76
Q

effects of progesterone on the uterus

A
  • progestational changes
  • anti-estrogen effect
  • decreases ER and myometrial exitation
  • thickens cervical mucus
77
Q

effects of progesterone on the breast

A
  • development of lobules and alveoli

- supports secretory function

78
Q

effects of progesterone on the CNS

A
  • thermogenic

- relaxing effect, decrease seizure, increase sleep

79
Q

other effects of progesterone

A
  • increases osteoblast activity
  • diuresis
  • increased use of adipose for energy
80
Q

hormone action during puberty

A
  • low level release of E during childhood inhibits release of GnRH
  • then gradual increase of GnRH resulting in increasing E release
  • over about 3 years the system reaches adult levels of feminization of body
  • breast buds precede menarche by about 2 years
81
Q

note

A

there are a ton of other things she said about puberty but it’s all obvious - review if you want

82
Q

what can influence sexual stimulation in the female sexual response

A
  • touch
  • internal fluctuation of hormones
  • metal and physical stimuli
83
Q

outcome of stimulation of the female sexual response

A
  • engorged sexual tissues
  • increase secretions from bartholins glands
  • climax involves uterine contractions
  • pleasure
  • increase in skeletal muscle tension
  • elevated HR, RR, BP
84
Q

menopause

A
  • ovarian failure
  • 45-55
  • one year post menses
85
Q

perimenopause

A
  • irregular periods
  • hot flashes
  • vaginal tissue changes
  • difficultly sleeping
  • urinary changes
  • weight gain at waist
86
Q

changes during menopause

A
  • cessation of menses
  • vaginal and vulvar thinning and dryness
  • dysparenunia
  • decreased libidio
  • decreased bone density

Women's Health 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions