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HRM - Pathology > Gyn Pathology I > Flashcards

Gyn Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

What are indicated in classic white vulvar dermatoses?

A

Lichen simplex

Lichen sclerosis

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2
Q

What is a hidradenoma?

A

benign labia neoplasm which may ulcerate (ectopic breast tissue)

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3
Q

What are most cases of malignant vulvar diseases?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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4
Q

What are most SCC’s of the vulva from? What is second most common?

A

Most common: HPV

Second: Chronic irritation from lichen stuff

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5
Q

What other cancer non-squamous cancers can appear in the vulva?

A

Melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma

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6
Q

What vulvar disease consists of malignant cells that may or may not be associated with breast cancer?

A

Extra-mammary paget’s disease

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7
Q

What nodes do the vulvar carcinomas spread to?

A

Inguinal/femoral nodes

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8
Q

When you have cancer in the vagina, usually what is it?

A

From other sources

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9
Q

What embryonal cancer is unique to the vagina?

A

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

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10
Q

“grapelike”

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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11
Q

What are the most common gynocological cancers worldwide?

A

Cervical carcinoma
Ovarian
Endometrial

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12
Q

How long does it take for the initial infection to become invasive CA for HPV?

A

15 years

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13
Q

What other cancer, other than carcinoma, can be caused by HPV in the cervix?

A

Adenocarcinoma (glandular)

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14
Q

Multinucleated cells on pap smear

A

Herpes

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15
Q

Faint odd cells

A

Trichomonas

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16
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella

17
Q

What glandular cell abnormalities can you see on pap?

A

Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance

Adenocarcinoma

18
Q

What are the two major concerns for abnormal uterine bleeding?

A

Anemia

Endometrial cancer

19
Q

What are indications for endometrial biopsy?

A

If older than 45 do it

If younger, unopposed estrogen exposure, failed med management, tamoxifen, lynch

20
Q

What are the main considerations for reproductive aged women?

A

Dysfunctional bleeding
Pregnancy
Anatomic lesions
Inherited or acquired hemostasis disorders

21
Q

What are the symptoms for PCOS?

A

Oligomenorrhea
Hyperandrogenism
Obesity
Insulin resistance

22
Q

What hormone often lacks in anovulation?

A

Progesterone

23
Q

What are the most common causes of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding?

A 
Endometrial atrophy (59%)
Endometrial polyps (12%)
Endometrial hyperplasia (10%)
Endometrial carcinoma (10%)
24
Q

What is the average age at diagnosis for endometrial carcinoma?

A

61 yrs

25
Q

What is the most common type of endometrial cancer?

A

Type 1 carcinoma

26
Q

What hormone is implicated in causing type 1 carcinoma of the endometrium?

A

Estrogen

27
Q

What gene is often mutated in type 1 carcinoma of the endometrium?

A

PTEN

28
Q

What is type 2 endometrial carcinoma?

A

Serous/clear cell carcinoma

29
Q

What cancer is Type 2 EC like?

A

Ovarian cancer

30
Q

Which Endometrial carcinoma is worse?

A

Type 2 is much worse

31
Q

What long term effect must be thought of with Endometrial stromal neoplasia?

A

Decades later metastases (esp. lung)

32
Q

If endometrial cancer is in patients younger than 45, what genetic disorder must be assumed?

A

Lynch syndrome

33
Q

Where are most common sites for endometriosis?

A

Pelvis (tubes, ovaries, serosa)

34
Q

What are clinical symptoms of endometriosis?

A

Pelvic pain/dysmenorrhea with cyclic symptoms

Infertility

35
Q

How is diagnosis of endometriosis done?

A

Laparoscopy finding punctuate surface lesions, usually blue/black/brown

36
Q

How do you treat endometriosis?

A

Hormonal manipulation
Lappy ablation
Salpingooophrectomy/hysterectomy

HRM - Pathology (10 decks)

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