Gustation

Question 1

Taste buds/papillae

Answer 1

they are concentrated anteriorly (front) on the tongue. Taste buds can be fungiform (anterior), foliate (side), and circumvallate (back).
In each taste bud are the 5-receptor cells that can detect each taste. Each taste can be detected anywhere on the tongue.
mostly on anterior part of tongue

Question 2

Fungiform papillae

Answer 2

Fungiform papillae are mushroom-shaped structures located on the tip and sides of the tongue, which contain taste buds.

Question 3

Foliate papillae

Answer 3

Foliate papillae are folded structures at the back of the tongue on both sides, which contain taste buds.

Question 4

Circumvallate papillae

Answer 4

are flat mound structures that are found at the back of the tongue and contain taste buds.

Question 5

Filiform papillae

Answer 5

Filiform papillae do not contain taste buds and exist all over the tongue. The center of the tongue contains only filiform papillae. This is why stimulation of the center of the tongue does not cause a taste sensation, while the back and perimeter produce a broad range of taste sensations.

Question 6

Gustducin

Answer 6

a protein associated with the sensation of taste

Question 7

Labelled lines model

Answer 7

Each taste bud receptor has 5 axon, which all send separate taste information to different parts of the gustatory (taste) cortex. Remain separate to the brain. And they all synapse on diff parts of the gustatory (taste) cortex.

Question 8

Sweet, umami, and bitter cells

Answer 8

GPCR receptors

Question 9

Sour and salty

Answer 9

rely on ion channels. They bind to receptor directly, ex. NaCl binds to receptor and causes ion channel to open, and + ions outside flow in. Cell depolarizes and fires an AP.
o Salty tastants bind to salt receptors which detect the presence of sodium ions and should not be chosen by the researchers.
o Sour tastants bind to sourness receptors that react with hydrogen cations (H+). Once H+ binds to the receptor, it closes potassium channels.

Question 10

What happens if we put salty receptor inside a sweet cell?

Answer 10

Receptors in membrane bind to glucose. But let’s insert a salty receptor. Since axon from cell leads to brain, if NaCl comes in, it activates the receptor, + ions go inside, sweet cell depolarizes and fires AP, and brain interprets it as a sweet signal. Put a salty receptor in a sweet cell, can trick your brain into thinking salt is sugar!

Question 11

• Taste/Smell - Do not synapse on the thalamus. Oribofrontal cortex is first place of integration.

Answer 11

• Taste/Smell - Do not synapse on the thalamus. Oribofrontal cortex is first place of integration.