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Phase 3a Medicine🩺 > GUM🧑🏾‍❤️‍💋‍🧑🏼 > Flashcards

GUM🧑🏾‍❤️‍💋‍🧑🏼 Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for erectile dysfunction?

A

DM, MI, HTN, Liver disease and alcohol, renal failure, trauma, iatrogenic.

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2
Q

What is the first line drug treatment for ED?

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5)

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3
Q

What are the common pathogens seen in bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • Gardnerella Vaginalis (most common)
  • Mycoplasma hominis
  • Prevotella species
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4
Q

What type of cells would you see on microscopy in BV?

A

Clue cells

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5
Q

What is the management of BV?

A

Asymptomatic BV does not require any treatment If using antibiotics, Metronidazole is the antibiotic drug of choice as it specifically targets anaerobic bacteria.

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6
Q

What is the typical presentation of thrush?

A

Thick, white discharge that does not typically smell, vulval and vaginal itching, irritation or discomfort.

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7
Q

What is the treatment of trichomaniasis

A

Metronidazole and referral to a GUM clinic.

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

A

Gram-negative bateria.

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9
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in women?

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, painful sex and painful urination.

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10
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in men?

A

Urethral discharge or discomfort, painful urination, epididymis-orchitis, Reactive arthritis.

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11
Q

What test is used to diagnose chlamydia?

A

NAAT = Nucleic acid amplification test

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12
Q

What is the first line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 7 days

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13
Q

What can chlamydia lead to in pregnancy?

A

Preterm delivery, PROM, LBW, postpartum endometritis, neonatal infection

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14
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum?

A

LGV is a condition affecting the lymphoid tissue around the site of infection with chlamydia. It commonly occurs in men who have sex with men.

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15
Q

What is the first stage of LGV?

A

A painless ulcer (primary lesion). This typically occurs on the penis in men, vaginal wall in women.

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16
Q

What is the second stage of LGV?

A

Lymphadenitis. Swelling, inflammation and pain in the lymph nodes affected by bacteria.

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17
Q

What is the third stage of LGV?

A

It involves inflammation of the rectum (proctitis) and anus leading to anal pain, change in bowel habit and tenesmus.

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18
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

It is a gram-negative diplococcus bacteria. It affects mucous membranes with a columnar epithelium such as the endocervix (in women, rectum, conjunctiva, urethra and pharynx. There is a high level of resistance to gonorrhoea

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19
Q

What is used to diagnose gonorrhoea?

A

NAAT is used to detect the RNA or DNA of gonorrhoea. A standard charcoal swab should be taken for microscopy, culture and antibiotic sensitivities before initiating antibiotics.

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20
Q

What is the treatment of gonorrhoea?

A

Single dose of IM Ceftriaxone 1g if sensitivities are NOT known
Single dose of Oral Ciprofloxacin 500mg if sensitivities known

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21
Q

What is HSV-1 associated with?

A

Coldsores.

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22
Q

What is HSV-2 associated with?

A

Typically causes genital herpes and is mostly an STI. It can also cause lesions in the mouth.

23
Q

What can be used to treat genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir

24
Q

What pathogen causes Syphilis?

A

Spirochete bacterium called Treponema Pallidumm

25
Q

What are the primary features of syphilis?

A

Chancre, local non-tender lymphadenopathy

26
Q

What are the secondary features of syphilis?

A

Often seen 6-10 weeks after primary infection, systemic symptoms such as fevers, lymphadenopathy and rash on trunk, palms and soles . Buccal ‘snail track’ ulcers and condylomata lata.

27
Q

What is the management of early syphillis?

A

Benzathine penicillin IM single dose

28
Q

What is a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?

A

The reaction is a classical reaction to penicillin treatment in syphilis infection, characterised by fever, rash, rigors and tachycardia.

29
Q

What is another name for Genital warts?

A

Condylomata accuminata

30
Q

What is male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)?

A

Lack or loss of sexual desire. Absent or deficient sexual and erotic thoughts.

31
Q

What causes male HSDD?

A

Chronic medical conditions - obesity, CVD, DM and anaemia
Hormonal disorders - androgen deficiency, hypogonadism, hyperprolactinaemia
Medications - antidepressants, finasteride (used BPH)
Post surgery - orchidectomy
Psychological problems - depression, anxiety, body image disorder, life/work stressors, history of abuse, relationship problems

32
Q

What causes female HSDD?

A

Chronic medical conditions – obesity, CVD, DM, anaemia
Hormonal disorders – androgen deficiency, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinaemia, Addison’s disease
Post-pregnancy
Medications – OCP, oral HRT, tamoxifen, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, beta blockers
Post-surgery – bilateral oopherectomy
Psychological problems – depression, anxiety, body image disorder, life/work stressors, history of abuse, relationship problems

33
Q

What are some physical causes of female orgasmic disorder?

A

Chronic medical conditions – CVD, DM, neurological disorder
Hormonal disorders – oestrogen and/or androgen insufficiency (e.g. post menopause), hypothyroidism
Pelvic floor weakness or damage
Ageing
Prescribed medication - SSRIs

34
Q

Define vaginismus

A

Spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that surround the vagina causing occlusion of the vaginal opening. Penile entry is either impossible or painful

35
Q

How long must someone be living in their chosen gender role before hormone treatment is started?

A

2 years

36
Q

What are paraphilias?

A

Disorders of sexual preference

More common in men

Classified into variations of the sexual object or of the act

37
Q

What is the management plan in Mild Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A
  • Start ABx immediately, before the results of swabs
  • Prescribe Doxycycline, Metronidazole and IM Ceftriaxone
  • Leave in recently inserted coil. If there is no response to ABx within 48 hours you should remove coil and prescribe any necessary emergency contraceptives.
38
Q

What are Genital warts caused by?

A

Human papillomavirus, with 90% being caused by serotypes 6 and 11.

39
Q

What are the management options for genital warts?

A

Podophyllotoxin
Imiquimod
Cryotherapy
Tricholoacetic acid

40
Q

What is the best treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Co-trimoxazole
with steroids if PaO2<8 kPa

41
Q

What are some risks of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy?

A

Preterm rupture of membranes and premature labour are accepted risks of this infection

41
Q

What are some risks of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy?

A

Preterm rupture of membranes and premature labour are accepted risks of this infection

42
Q

How does the progesterone-only pill work (excluding desogestrel)

A

Thickens cervical mucus

43
Q

How does the Desogestrel-only pill work?

A

Primary: inihibits ovulation
Also thickens the cervical mucus

44
Q

How does the injectable contraceptive work?

A

It inhibits ovulation but also thickens cervical mucus

45
Q

How do intrauterine contraceptive devices work?

A

Decreases sperm motility and survival

46
Q

How does the intrauterine system work?

A

Primary: prevents endometrial proliferation
Also: thickens cervical mucus

47
Q

What is a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?

A

Classical reaction to penicillin treatment in syphilis infection, characterised by fever rash, rigors and tachycardia

48
Q

What is the appearance on a microscope of Trichomonas?

A

Flagellated unicellular organisms

49
Q

What does primary syphilis look like on microscopy?

A

Spirochaete

50
Q

What does Candida look like on microscopy?

A

Pseudohyphae

51
Q

What is another name given to pubic lice?

A

Pediculosis

52
Q

What is another name given to pubic lice?

A

Pediculosis

53
Q

What is Chancroid a result of?

A

Results from an infection with Haemophilus Ducreyi, a gram-negative bacteria

Phase 3a Medicine🩺 (12 decks)

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