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Phase 3a Medicine🩺 > GUM🧑🏾‍❤️‍💋‍🧑🏼 > Flashcards

GUM🧑🏾‍❤️‍💋‍🧑🏼 Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for erectile dysfunction?

A

DM, MI, HTN, Liver disease and alcohol, renal failure, trauma, iatrogenic.

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2
Q

What is the first line drug treatment for ED?

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5)

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3
Q

What are the common pathogens seen in bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • Gardnerella Vaginalis (most common)
  • Mycoplasma hominis
  • Prevotella species
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4
Q

What type of cells would you see on microscopy in BV?

A

Clue cells

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5
Q

What is the management of BV?

A

Asymptomatic BV does not require any treatment If using antibiotics, Metronidazole is the antibiotic drug of choice as it specifically targets anaerobic bacteria.

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6
Q

What is the typical presentation of thrush?

A

Thick, white discharge that does not typically smell, vulval and vaginal itching, irritation or discomfort.

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7
Q

What is the treatment of trichomaniasis

A

Metronidazole and referral to a GUM clinic.

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

A

Gram-negative bateria.

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9
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in women?

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, painful sex and painful urination.

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10
Q

What is the presentation of chlamydia in men?

A

Urethral discharge or discomfort, painful urination, epididymis-orchitis, Reactive arthritis.

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11
Q

What test is used to diagnose chlamydia?

A

NAAT = Nucleic acid amplification test

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12
Q

What is the first line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 7 days

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13
Q

What can chlamydia lead to in pregnancy?

A

Preterm delivery, PROM, LBW, postpartum endometritis, neonatal infection

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14
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum?

A

LGV is a condition affecting the lymphoid tissue around the site of infection with chlamydia. It commonly occurs in men who have sex with men.

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15
Q

What is the first stage of LGV?

A

A painless ulcer (primary lesion). This typically occurs on the penis in men, vaginal wall in women.

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16
Q

What is the second stage of LGV?

A

Lymphadenitis. Swelling, inflammation and pain in the lymph nodes affected by bacteria.

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17
Q

What is the third stage of LGV?

A

It involves inflammation of the rectum (proctitis) and anus leading to anal pain, change in bowel habit and tenesmus.

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18
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoea?

A

It is a gram-negative diplococcus bacteria. It affects mucous membranes with a columnar epithelium such as the endocervix (in women, rectum, conjunctiva, urethra and pharynx. There is a high level of resistance to gonorrhoea

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19
Q

What is used to diagnose gonorrhoea?

A

NAAT is used to detect the RNA or DNA of gonorrhoea. A standard charcoal swab should be taken for microscopy, culture and antibiotic sensitivities before initiating antibiotics.

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20
Q

What is the treatment of gonorrhoea?

A

Single dose of IM Ceftriaxone 1g if sensitivities are NOT known
Single dose of Oral Ciprofloxacin 500mg if sensitivities known

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21
Q

What is HSV-1 associated with?

A

Coldsores.

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22
Q

What is HSV-2 associated with?

A

Typically causes genital herpes and is mostly an STI. It can also cause lesions in the mouth.

23
Q

What can be used to treat genital herpes?

24
Q

What pathogen causes Syphilis?

A

Spirochete bacterium called Treponema Pallidumm

25
What are the primary features of syphilis?
Chancre, local non-tender lymphadenopathy
26
What are the secondary features of syphilis?
Often seen 6-10 weeks after primary infection, systemic symptoms such as fevers, lymphadenopathy and rash on trunk, palms and soles . Buccal 'snail track' ulcers and condylomata lata.
27
What is the management of early syphillis?
Benzathine penicillin IM single dose
28
What is a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
The reaction is a classical reaction to penicillin treatment in syphilis infection, characterised by fever, rash, rigors and tachycardia.
29
What is another name for Genital warts?
Condylomata accuminata
30
What is male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)?
Lack or loss of sexual desire. Absent or deficient sexual and erotic thoughts.
31
What causes male HSDD?
Chronic medical conditions - obesity, CVD, DM and anaemia Hormonal disorders - androgen deficiency, hypogonadism, hyperprolactinaemia Medications - antidepressants, finasteride (used BPH) Post surgery - orchidectomy Psychological problems - depression, anxiety, body image disorder, life/work stressors, history of abuse, relationship problems
32
What causes female HSDD?
Chronic medical conditions – obesity, CVD, DM, anaemia Hormonal disorders – androgen deficiency, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinaemia, Addison’s disease Post-pregnancy Medications – OCP, oral HRT, tamoxifen, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, beta blockers Post-surgery – bilateral oopherectomy Psychological problems – depression, anxiety, body image disorder, life/work stressors, history of abuse, relationship problems
33
What are some physical causes of female orgasmic disorder?
Chronic medical conditions – CVD, DM, neurological disorder Hormonal disorders – oestrogen and/or androgen insufficiency (e.g. post menopause), hypothyroidism Pelvic floor weakness or damage Ageing Prescribed medication - SSRIs
34
Define vaginismus
Spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that surround the vagina causing occlusion of the vaginal opening. Penile entry is either impossible or painful
35
How long must someone be living in their chosen gender role before hormone treatment is started?
2 years
36
What are paraphilias?
Disorders of sexual preference More common in men Classified into variations of the sexual object or of the act
37
What is the management plan in Mild Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
- Start ABx immediately, before the results of swabs - Prescribe Doxycycline, Metronidazole and IM Ceftriaxone - Leave in recently inserted coil. If there is no response to ABx within 48 hours you should remove coil and prescribe any necessary emergency contraceptives.
38
What are Genital warts caused by?
Human papillomavirus, with 90% being caused by serotypes 6 and 11.
39
What are the management options for genital warts?
Podophyllotoxin Imiquimod Cryotherapy Tricholoacetic acid
40
What is the best treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?
Co-trimoxazole with steroids if PaO2<8 kPa
41
What are some risks of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy?
Preterm rupture of membranes and premature labour are accepted risks of this infection
41
What are some risks of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy?
Preterm rupture of membranes and premature labour are accepted risks of this infection
42
How does the progesterone-only pill work (excluding desogestrel)
Thickens cervical mucus
43
How does the Desogestrel-only pill work?
Primary: inihibits ovulation Also thickens the cervical mucus
44
How does the injectable contraceptive work?
It inhibits ovulation but also thickens cervical mucus
45
How do intrauterine contraceptive devices work?
Decreases sperm motility and survival
46
How does the intrauterine system work?
Primary: prevents endometrial proliferation Also: thickens cervical mucus
47
What is a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?
Classical reaction to penicillin treatment in syphilis infection, characterised by fever rash, rigors and tachycardia
48
What is the appearance on a microscope of Trichomonas?
Flagellated unicellular organisms
49
What does primary syphilis look like on microscopy?
Spirochaete
50
What does Candida look like on microscopy?
Pseudohyphae
51
What is another name given to pubic lice?
Pediculosis
52
What is another name given to pubic lice?
Pediculosis
53
What is Chancroid a result of?
Results from an infection with Haemophilus Ducreyi, a gram-negative bacteria

Phase 3a Medicine🩺 (12 decks)

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