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PSY3105 | The Psychology of Adolescence > Guest speaker 2: Personality and Bullying > Flashcards

Guest speaker 2: Personality and Bullying Flashcards

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1
Q

What are individual differences? [1]

A

Unique patterns of how people think, feel, and behave differently from each other

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1
Q

When do individual differences start? [2]

A
  • They can be seen in babies, like how active or energetic they are.
  • They continue as we grow into children and teens.
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2
Q

Do individual differences stay the same? [2]

A
  • They are often stable, meaning they don’t change much over time.
  • But sometimes they can change a little, depending on life and situations.
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3
Q

What [3] factors influence traits?

A
  • genetics
  • environment
  • experiences
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4
Q

How do traits affect social relationships? [1]

A

The way we think, feel, and act can impact how we get along with others.

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5
Q

What are the [2] main ways to measure traits?

A
  • Temperament
  • Personality
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6
Q

What is temperament? [3]

A
  • Differences in how people react and control their emotions, activity, and attention.
  • Reactivity (how easily you react)
  • Self-regulation (controlling reactions)
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7
Q

When do we use temperament to measure traits? [3]

A
  • Usually in babies and children.
  • We look at emotions, interests, and attention.
  • By age 3, more complex emotions like fear and pride start showing.
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8
Q

How is temperament usually measured? [3]

A
  • Parents or observers report on the child’s behavior.
  • Temperament in Middle Children Questionnaire (ages 7-10)
  • Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (ages 9-15)
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9
Q

What are [4] subscales in temperament measures?

A
  • Effortful Control: Controlling actions, attention.
  • Surgency: How eager you are to explore new things, low shyness, low fear.
  • Negative Affect: How easily you get frustrated or irritated.
  • Affiliation: How close you feel to others emotionally.
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10
Q

What is personality? [3]

A
  • It covers a wider range of traits, behaviors, and personal stories that help create identity.
  • Characteristic adaptations (how you adjust to situations)
  • Personal narratives (your life story)
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11
Q

When do we use personality to measure traits? [2]

A
  • Studied in school-aged children and adults.
  • Helps us understand how traits fit together in personality.
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12
Q

What is a common ways to measure personality? [1]

A

Big Five (OCEAN)

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13
Q

What about temperament and personality in adolescents? [3]

A
  • Temperament is usually measured in kids, and personality in adults.
  • Adolescents can show traits from both.
  • Traits can stay the same or change over time and in different places.
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14
Q

Where do temperament and personality traits come from? [2]

A
  • They come from both heredity (genetics) and the environment (experiences).
  • These traits are also seen in animals, showing they evolved over time.
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15
Q

What makes temperament and personality stable or change? [2]

A
  • Stability comes from genetic factors.
  • Changes happen due to both genes and the environment.
16
Q

Why do different traits appear at different times? [2]

A
  • Some traits show up in childhood, others in adulthood.
  • This is important because temperament and personality capture different traits.
17
Q

What is Rank Order Stability? [2]

A
  • How a person’s traits compare to others over time.
  • It’s generally quite stable and gets stronger with age.
18
Q

What is Mean Level Stability? [2]

A
  • How much traits change over time.
  • Traits tend to mature as people age.
19
Q

Mean Level Stability - What is the Maturity Principle? [1]

A

As people grow up, they become more self-controlled, agreeable, and emotionally stable—more like adults.

20
Q

Mean Level Stability - What is the Disruption Hypothesis? [4]

A
  • During adolescence, people can temporarily become more rebellious and less self-regulated.
  • Social dominance (like extraversion) increases in teens.
  • As people grow into adulthood, they become more conscientious and emotionally stable.
  • As they get older, sociability and openness can decrease.
21
Q

What does recent research say about trait stability? [2]

A
  • Studies show that rank-order stability increases from early life into young adulthood.
  • Traits like emotional stability also improve as people mature.
22
Q

How do temperament and personality affect social behavior in children and teens? [2]

A

They play a big role in behaviors like:

  • cooperation (prosocial)
  • bullying (antisocial).
23
Q

How does temperament relate to bullying? [2]

A
  • Frustration and anger can lead to bullying.
  • Inhibitory control (trouble stopping impulses) and low effortful control (trouble regulating emotions) are linked to bullying too.
24
Q

How do specific personality traits relate to bullying? [4]

A
  • Certain traits can make someone more likely to bully, including:
    • Honesty-Humility
    • Emotionality
    • Agreeableness
    • Conscientiousness
25
Q

What is the Dark Triad? [3]

A
  • A group of three personality traits linked to antisocial behavior:
    • Machiavellianism: Being manipulative.
    • Narcissism: Feeling superior and grandiose.
    • Psychopathy: Lack of empathy and emotional connection.
26
Q

How does the Dark Triad relate to bullying? [1]

A

Studies show that higher levels of these traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are linked to increased bullying behavior.

27
Q

What are important notes about these personality traits? [3]

A
  • Traits vary along a continuous scale—everyone can score differently.
  • These traits are not clinical disorders (like Antisocial Personality Disorder).
  • Higher scores may indicate a greater likelihood of conflict, but don’t guarantee it.
28
Q

Why don’t all adolescents bully? [2]

A
  • Not all teens engage in bullying; personality and environment influence behavior.
  • A teen’s personality affects how they respond to their surroundings.
29
Q

What [6] traits promote prosocial behavior?

A
  • Higher levels of:
    • Agreeableness
    • Self-regulation
    • Effortful Control
    • Empathy
    • Honesty-Humility
  • These traits help in cooperation and helping others.

PSY3105 | The Psychology of Adolescence (7 decks)

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