Guest speaker 2: Personality and Bullying Flashcards
What are individual differences? [1]
Unique patterns of how people think, feel, and behave differently from each other
When do individual differences start? [2]
- They can be seen in babies, like how active or energetic they are.
- They continue as we grow into children and teens.
Do individual differences stay the same? [2]
- They are often stable, meaning they don’t change much over time.
- But sometimes they can change a little, depending on life and situations.
What [3] factors influence traits?
- genetics
- environment
- experiences
How do traits affect social relationships? [1]
The way we think, feel, and act can impact how we get along with others.
What are the [2] main ways to measure traits?
- Temperament
- Personality
What is temperament? [3]
- Differences in how people react and control their emotions, activity, and attention.
- Reactivity (how easily you react)
- Self-regulation (controlling reactions)
When do we use temperament to measure traits? [3]
- Usually in babies and children.
- We look at emotions, interests, and attention.
- By age 3, more complex emotions like fear and pride start showing.
How is temperament usually measured? [3]
- Parents or observers report on the child’s behavior.
- Temperament in Middle Children Questionnaire (ages 7-10)
- Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (ages 9-15)
What are [4] subscales in temperament measures?
- Effortful Control: Controlling actions, attention.
- Surgency: How eager you are to explore new things, low shyness, low fear.
- Negative Affect: How easily you get frustrated or irritated.
- Affiliation: How close you feel to others emotionally.
What is personality? [3]
- It covers a wider range of traits, behaviors, and personal stories that help create identity.
- Characteristic adaptations (how you adjust to situations)
- Personal narratives (your life story)
When do we use personality to measure traits? [2]
- Studied in school-aged children and adults.
- Helps us understand how traits fit together in personality.
What is a common ways to measure personality? [1]
Big Five (OCEAN)
What about temperament and personality in adolescents? [3]
- Temperament is usually measured in kids, and personality in adults.
- Adolescents can show traits from both.
- Traits can stay the same or change over time and in different places.
Where do temperament and personality traits come from? [2]
- They come from both heredity (genetics) and the environment (experiences).
- These traits are also seen in animals, showing they evolved over time.
What makes temperament and personality stable or change? [2]
- Stability comes from genetic factors.
- Changes happen due to both genes and the environment.
Why do different traits appear at different times? [2]
- Some traits show up in childhood, others in adulthood.
- This is important because temperament and personality capture different traits.
What is Rank Order Stability? [2]
- How a person’s traits compare to others over time.
- It’s generally quite stable and gets stronger with age.
What is Mean Level Stability? [2]
- How much traits change over time.
- Traits tend to mature as people age.
Mean Level Stability - What is the Maturity Principle? [1]
As people grow up, they become more self-controlled, agreeable, and emotionally stable—more like adults.
Mean Level Stability - What is the Disruption Hypothesis? [4]
- During adolescence, people can temporarily become more rebellious and less self-regulated.
- Social dominance (like extraversion) increases in teens.
- As people grow into adulthood, they become more conscientious and emotionally stable.
- As they get older, sociability and openness can decrease.
What does recent research say about trait stability? [2]
- Studies show that rank-order stability increases from early life into young adulthood.
- Traits like emotional stability also improve as people mature.
How do temperament and personality affect social behavior in children and teens? [2]
They play a big role in behaviors like:
- cooperation (prosocial)
- bullying (antisocial).
How does temperament relate to bullying? [2]
- Frustration and anger can lead to bullying.
- Inhibitory control (trouble stopping impulses) and low effortful control (trouble regulating emotions) are linked to bullying too.
How do specific personality traits relate to bullying? [4]
- Certain traits can make someone more likely to bully, including:
- Honesty-Humility
- Emotionality
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
What is the Dark Triad? [3]
- A group of three personality traits linked to antisocial behavior:
- Machiavellianism: Being manipulative.
- Narcissism: Feeling superior and grandiose.
- Psychopathy: Lack of empathy and emotional connection.
How does the Dark Triad relate to bullying? [1]
Studies show that higher levels of these traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are linked to increased bullying behavior.
What are important notes about these personality traits? [3]
- Traits vary along a continuous scale—everyone can score differently.
- These traits are not clinical disorders (like Antisocial Personality Disorder).
- Higher scores may indicate a greater likelihood of conflict, but don’t guarantee it.
Why don’t all adolescents bully? [2]
- Not all teens engage in bullying; personality and environment influence behavior.
- A teen’s personality affects how they respond to their surroundings.
What [6] traits promote prosocial behavior?
- Higher levels of:
- Agreeableness
- Self-regulation
- Effortful Control
- Empathy
- Honesty-Humility
- These traits help in cooperation and helping others.
