Chapter 3 - Cognitive changes: Eating disorders Flashcards
What is an eating disorder? [2]
- Fear of weight gain
- Distorted body image
What is Anorexia Nervosa? [2]
- Food restriction
- Behaviors to avoid weight gain
What is Bulimia Nervosa? [3]
- Binge eating (eating a lot in a short period)
- Lack of control over eating
- Purging: Trying to “get rid of” the food by vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising too much.
What is Binge Eating Disorder or EDNOS? [4]
- Binge eating
- No purging
- Happens at least once a week for 3 months
- Feelings of guilt/sadness/shame after eating too much
What is Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)? [3]
- Avoiding food: because of possible bad outcomes, like choking or getting sick.
- Worry, anxiety and sadness around eating
- Leads to undernourishment
How common are eating disorders? [3]
- Young women: 5.5-17.9%
- Young men: 0.6-2.4%
- Canada: 10.1%
What leads to eating disorders during adolescence? [4]
- Increased awareness of body image.
- Body dissatisfaction
- Rapid increase in body fat %: Leads to more worry and dissatisfaction about weight.
- Menarche (first period) is not directly linked to eating disorders
How does self-esteem relate to eating disorders? [3]
- Dependent self-esteem: Self-worth relies on how others see you.
- Self-concept: How you see yourself.
- Self-evaluation: Judging yourself as worthy or not.
What role do thoughts (cognition) play? [3]
Cognitive distortions: Inaccurate ways of thinking.
- Positive beliefs about worry: Thinking worrying helps solve problems.
- Negative beliefs about uncontrollable thoughts: Thinking bad things will happen if you don’t control thoughts and behavior.
- General negative beliefs: Believing you’ll be punished for not being perfect.
What is the Tripartite Influence Model? [1]
Explains how social factors influence body image and eating disorders
What are the [3] key parts of the Tripartite Influence Model?
- Internalization of the thin ideal: Believing being thin is the ideal way to look.
- Social comparison: Comparing your body to others, especially to people who are thin.
-
Thin-ideal schema: A mental image that thinness equals beauty and success.
- Strongly linked to anorexia.
What is the Dual-Pathway Model? [1]
A model that shows two ways that social pressure can lead to eating disorders.
What are the [2] pathways in the Dual-Pathway Model?
- Internalization of the thin ideal
- Social comparison
- Both lead to the development of a thin-ideal schema (mental image where thinness is valued).
How does mass media affect eating disorders? [1]
Sociocultural influences: Pressure to be thin has increased with social media.
What does the evidence show in mass media? - Experimental studies [2]
- People shown thin-ideal images (like in magazines or TV ads) feel worse about their bodies compared to neutral images.
- Increases in mood problems and body dissatisfaction.
What does the evidence show in mass media? - Cross-sectional studies [1]
More time spent on media = higher chance of believing in the thin ideal.
What does the evidence show in mass media? - Longitudinal studies [1]
Early exposure to thin body ideals leads to more body image problems later.
How does family influence EDs? [3]
- Parental attitudes: How parents feel about eating and being thin can affect kids.
- Parental expectations: Pressure from parents to look a certain way or monitor their child’s eating habits.
- Abuse: Sexual and physical abuse can also be a factor.
How do peers influence eating disorders? [3]
- “Fat talk”: Conversations about weight and body image can lead to unhealthy behaviors.
- Peer behaviors: Imitating friends who purge or diet.
- Teasing: Being teased about weight can lead to body dissatisfaction.
Are eating disorders more common in boys or girls? [1]
Less common in boys than girls, but still serious (about half as many cases).
How do Eds affect boys? [2]
- Athletics: Boys in sports are more likely to develop eating disorders.
- Late vs. early maturing: Late-maturing boys are more at risk for eating disorders compared to early-maturing boys, while the opposite is true for girls.
What about EDs in sexual minority youth? [1]
LGBTQ+ youth may have a higher risk of eating disorders due to additional social pressures.
What is the Biopsychosocial Model? [1]
A model that shows how biological, psychological, and social factors all work together to affect health, including eating disorders.
Why do eating disorders emerge in adolescence? [2]
- Coincide with biological and cognitive changes during puberty.
- Influenced by individual-level factors, family and peer pressures.
