Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner [5]
- Microsystem
- Mesosystem
- Exosystem
- Macrosystem
- Chronosystem
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner - Microsystem [2]
- Closest to the child, like family, school, and neighborhood.
- Culture becomes a strong part of a child’s life here.
Example: How family rules impact a child’s behavior.
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner - Mesosystem [2]
- Interactions with different parts of a child’s microsystem
- Relationships between family, teachers, and other people in the child’s life.
Example: The child’s parents attend a parent-teacher meeting. This interaction affects how the parents understand the child’s school performance, which might influence how they help with homework.
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner - Exosystem [2]
- The child doesn’t interact directly with this layer but still feels its effects.
- Includes things like parents’ jobs or community rules.
Example: If a parent works late, the child might get less time with them. (invisible events)
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner - Macrosystem [2]
- The outer layer that includes culture, laws, and societal beliefs.
- Influences the child indirectly by shaping all other systems.
Example: A society might believe parents should raise their kids without outside help, affecting resources available to families.
Social Ecological Model by Bronfenbrenner - Chronosystem [3]
- Deals with changes over time, like growing up or big life events.
- External changes: When a parent dies or moves away.
- Internal changes: As a child ages, their body and mind grow.
Adolescents throughout history - Ancient times [1]
Example: Icarus (symbolizes youthful risk-taking)
Adolescents throughout history - Ancient Greece [3]
- Adolescents seen as impulsive
- Plato: Delay math & science education until adolescence (age 14+)
- Aristotle: Adolescents develop ability to make life choices
Adolescents throughout history - Early Christian Times [1]
Children’s Crusade: A failed attempt by children to march to the Holy Land
Adolescents Throughout History - 1500 - 1890: Life-Cycle Service [2]
- Teens to early 20s: Work in domestic/farm service or apprenticeships
- Moved out of home to live with a “master” for training for adulthood
Adolescents Throughout History - 1890 – 1920: The Age of Adolescence [3]
- Changes in child labor laws
- Schooling required for young people
- Adolescence became a focus of study as a distinct life stage
Adolescents Throughout History - 19th & 20th Century: Industrialization and Urbanization [3]
Modernization of education:
- Schools started separating students by age
- Organized activities like YMCAs emerged for youth
Stanely Hall [3]
- 1st Psychology Ph.D. in the US
- Founded APA, called the “father of adolescence”
- Led the child study movement to improve conditions for children & teens
Stanley Hall - Theories [3]
- Defined adolescence as ages 14–24
- Theory of Recapitulation: Development repeats the history of human evolution (not supported today)
- Storm and Stress: Teens experience emotional ups and downs due to hormones
Who is an Adolescent? - [3] Stages
- Between childhood and adulthood
Stages:
- Early adolescence: 11 – 14 years
- Middle adolescence: 15 – 18 years
- Late adolescence: 19 – 22 years
