GU anatomy Flashcards
What is the inguinal canal?
Short, oblique passageway through muscles of anterior abdominal wall
5cm long
Walls collapsed around contents to avoid other structure entering and getting stuck
Where does the inguinal canal run?
Starts at the transversalis fascia (deep,lateral) at deep inguinal ring
Finishes at superficial inguinal ring in external oblique aponeurosis (superficial and medial)
What is in the inguinal canal in females?
Round ligament (from uterine horn to attach to labia majora)
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve supplying skin of mons pubis and labia majora
What is in the inguinal canal in males?
All contents within spermatic cord except ilioinguinal nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve runs in canal but outside cord
What is in the spermatic cord?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (supplies cremaster muscle and anterior scrotal skin)
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Testicular, cremasteric arteries and artery to vas deferens
External spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia
Pampiniform venous plexus
Lymphatics
Vas deferens
processus vaginalis
What is external spermatic fascia derived from?
External oblique aponeurosis
What is cremaster muscle and fascia derived from?
Internal oblique muscle
What is internal spermatic fascia derived from?
Transversalis fascia
What is an inguinal hernia?
Protrusion of abdominal contents through anterior abdominal wall into inguinal canal
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Intra-abdominal contents forced through deep inguinal ring into canal
More common
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Intra-abdominal contents forced through the posterior wall of inguinal canal and directly through the superficial ring
Less common and easier to reduce
What is the dartos?
A thin sheet of smooth muscle directly under scrotal skin
Regulates the temp by wrinkling skin and reducing surface area
What does each half of the scrotum contain?
A testis, epididymis and lower part of spermatic cord
What do the testes do?
Produce sperm and secrete testosterone
What and where is the tunica vaginalis?
Closed sac of parietal peritoneal origin
Partially surrounds testes
What and where is the epididymis?
A coiled tube lying along the posterior border of each testis
Has a head (proximal), body and tail (distal, origin of vas deferens)
What is the function of vas deferens?
Carries sperm from epididymis to spermatic cord
What is the blood supply and drainage of testes?
Supplied by testicular arteries from AA
Venous blood enters pampiniform venous plexus which forms testicular vein
R testicular vein enters IVC, L joins renal vein
What are the three cylinders of erectile tissue in penis?
2 corpora cavernosa dorsally
Corpus spongiosum ventrally - contains penile urethra
Enclosed within Buck’s fascia
What is the end of the penis?
Glans, expansion of corpus spongiosum
Where does the male urethra open?
External urethral meatus
What is the blood supply to penis?
Penile arteries branch from internal pudendal arteries from internal iliac
What is the nervous innervation to penis?
S2-4
Sensation and symp from dorsal nerve of penis (branch of pudendal)
Parasymp arise from peri-prostatic nerve plexus
How does erection in males occur?
Arterial blood flow into corpora increases and corpora enlarge
Corpus spongiosum doesn’t enlarge as much and prevents urethra from being compressed