Anatomy Flashcards
Which are the two main arteries for blood supply to brain?
Internal carotid and Vertebral
Where do the internal carotid arteries begin?
Bifurcation of common carotid at C4
What arteries does internal carotid give rise to?
Ophthalmic
Posterior communicating
Anterior choroidal
Anterior cerebral
What does internal carotid become?
Middle cerebral to supply lateral cerebrum
What arteries do the vertebral arteries give rise to?
Meningeal branch to supply falx cerebelli
Ant/Post spinal
PICA
What do the vertebral arteries converge to form?
Basilar
Where do the vertebral arteries arise from?
Subclavian
What is the blood brain barrier?
Selectively permeable membrane to regulate molecules passing from blood to CNS
What makes up the BBB to make it effective?
Tight junctions in endothelial cells
No fenestrations in basement membrane
Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and regulate cap flow, immunity and permeability
Astrocyte end feet restrict molecule flow
What percentage do internal carotid and vertebral supply to brain?
IC- 80%
Vertebral- 20%
Where does anterior cerebral supply?
Anteromedial aspects of brain
Where does posterior cerebral supply?
Posterior part of brain
Where does middle cerebral supply?
Majority of lateral brain
Which arteries supply the spine?
Anterior spinal
2x posterior spinal
Purpose of dural venous sinuses?
Drain blood from brain into jugular vein
What are the unpaired DVS?
Superior and inferior sagittal
Straight
Occipital
What are the paired DVS?
Transverse
Sigmoid
Petrosals
Cavernous
Pathway of CSF flow
Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen
4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct
Spinal cord or subarachnoid cisterns
What lines the choroid plexus?
Ependymal cells
What are the functions of CSF?
Protection
Buoyancy
Keeps environment chemically stable
Which notch is in the superior border of the manubrium?
Jugular
What articulates with what at the sternoclavicular joint?
Manubrium and clavicle
Which ribs articulate with the sternal body?
2-7
Which rib articulates with the xiphoid process?
7