GU Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 organisms most commonly cause UTI’s?

A

E coli, proteus, klebsiella

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2
Q

What 3 organisms often cause UTI’s in nursing homes?

A

enterococci, staph, and fungus

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3
Q

If an elderly person has asymptomatic bacteruria, how do we treat?

A

YOU DON’T!

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4
Q

What is 1st line treatment for and uncomplicated UTI?

A

TMP-SMZ, cephalexin, ampicillin

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5
Q

What if a pt has a UTI and a sulfa allergy, what do you prescribe?

A

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

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6
Q

If a pt has a UTI + a sulfa allergy and there is known resistance in the area?

A

Floroquinolone

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7
Q

What are 3 main variables of SIRS?

A

Temp >100.9; HR >90; Tachypnea >20/min

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8
Q

What are the Inflammatory variables of SIRS?

A

WBC >12 (leukocytosis) or WBC <4 (leukopenia)

> 10% immature forms on normal WBC count

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9
Q

What is Sepsis?

A

2 or more SIRS + infection (UTI, cellulitis, pneumonia, influ, shingles, meningitis, fungal)

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10
Q

What is severe sepsis?

A

2 or more SIRS + Infection + End Organ Damage

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11
Q

What are some examples of end organ damage?

A

Hypotension <65 or <90 at any on check

Renal failure (Cr >2)

Shock Liver (Bili >2)

Elevated Lactic Acid (>2)

Respiratory Failure

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12
Q

How do we treat Sepsis?

A

give O2, goal directed (fluids), tx infection

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13
Q

Urine storage is under what type of control?

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

Voiding is under what type of control?

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Urge incontinence is caused by what?

A

Detrusor over activity

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16
Q

Stress incontinence is caused by what?

A

Weak pelvic floor & sphincter failure

17
Q

What are some red flag sxs with incontinence?

A

abrupt onset, pelvic pain, and hematuria

18
Q

What are some lifestyle Tx for incontinence?

A

weight loss, correct meds, avoid caffeine/alcohol, stop smoking!

Kegle’s + Bladder training
Prompted/scheduled voiding

19
Q

What pharm options are available for incontinence?

A

Oxybutynin

20
Q

What are some S/E’s of oxybutynin?

A

tooth decay & anticholinergic effects!!

21
Q

Increased frequency of urination, nocturia, hesitancy, and weak stream are all sxs of what?

22
Q

What kind of work-up should you do for BPH?

A

PE of urinary tract, abdomen, DRE, UA & culture

23
Q

What are some age related renal changes?

A
  • Decreased bladder contractility
  • Increased inhibited bladder contractions
  • Urine output shifted to later in the day
  • Sphincter striated muscle attenuated
  • Decreased bladder capacity
  • (Modest) increased PVR
  • Decreased urethral closure pressure and vaginal mucosal atrophy
  • BPH and prostate hypertrophy
24
Q

There are 6 major causes of sexual dysfunction, what are they?

A
  • Vascular
  • Neuropathic
  • Drug Induced
  • Psychogenic
  • Hypogonadism
  • Thyroid or Renal
25
What should you always ask if a pt has when they are concerned about sexual dysfunction?
Are you able to masturbate & morning or sleep associated erections - If able, most likely psychogenic causes
26
If a pt has femoral bruits & poor pedal pulses and they lack morning erections, diagnosis?
Vascular
27
If a pt has a hx of pelvic surgery, irradiation, spinal injury or parkinson’s dz and they lack morning erections, diagnosis?
Neuropathic
28
What PE finding would you see with neuropathic sexual dysfunction?
Loss of bulbocavernosus reflex
29
What medications can induce sexual dysfunction?
SSRI’s MAOI’s antipsychotics antihypertensives (spironolactone, clonidine) statins (lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin) alcohol opioids acid-suppression drugs (ranitidine)