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Elimination > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

what can a small dose (2.5-5 mg) of lisinopril do

A

encourage kidneys to work & lower BP

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2
Q

if someone has VRE they must have this

A

foley

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3
Q

types of meds that are nephrotoxic

A 
antibiotics
chemo drugs
anti-cholinergics
anti-depressants
anti-htn
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4
Q

two street drugs that cause renal failure

A

heroin and cocaine

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5
Q

in what disorder do people have cysts on their kidneys and a decreased kidney function

A

polycystic kidney disorder

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6
Q

an increase in BUN & creatinine can cause what

A

confusion

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7
Q

a metabolic problem results in what type of compensation

A

respiratory (Kussmaul’s respirations)

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8
Q

extreme losses of what electrolyte can cause metabolic alkalosis

A

potassium

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9
Q

signs of fluid overload

A

edema, crackles, JVD, pallor, periorbital edema, increased HR & BP

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10
Q

signs of fluid defecit

A

dry mucous membranes, decreased BP, increased HR, poor skin turgor

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11
Q

signs of hyperkalemia

A

EKG changes: spiked T-wave

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12
Q

signs of hypokalemia

A

muscle spasms/cramps, bradycardia, pauses in heart beats, arrhythmias

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13
Q

what do calcium channel blockers do to the renal system

A

increase glomerular filtration rate

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14
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis (2)

A
  • decreased bicarb (base) excreted from damaged kidneys

- use of lasix: gets rid of too much base

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15
Q

where does ADH come from and what is its function

A

the pituitary, increases BP by triggering thirst

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16
Q

where does aldosterone come from and what is its function

A

the adrenal glands, retains Na (increases BP) and helps get rid of K

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17
Q

what may cause anemia in a renal pt

A

issues with erythropoietin

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18
Q

med that helps make RBCs

A

epogen

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19
Q

what BP med may cause renal failure

A

ACE inhibitors

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20
Q

where is blood shunted in anemic pts

A

most important organs

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21
Q

where is the last active stage of vitamin D released

A

the kidneys

22
Q

calcium has an inverse relationship with

A

phosphorus

23
Q

if Ca is increased then phosphorus will be

A

decreased

24
Q

an increased BUN may cause

A

nausea

25
Q

normal BUN

A

8-25

26
Q

what may increase BUN

A

excessive protein ingestion

27
Q

normal creatinine

A

woman: 0.5-1.1
man: 0.6-1.2

28
Q

normal BUN/creatinine ratio

A

10:1-20:1

29
Q

a BUN/creatinine ratio of greater than 20:1 indicates what

A

dehydration

30
Q

normal potassium

A

3.5-5, usually increased in renal pt

31
Q

normal sodium

A

135-145, increases due to a decreased fluid volume

32
Q

normal hgb

A

woman: 14-16
man: 15-17

33
Q

normal hct

A

woman: 42-48
man: 45-51

34
Q

h&h may be increased due to

A

a volume issue, kidneys not functioning

35
Q

normal specific gravity

A

1.003-1.03

36
Q

specific gravity increases due to

A

DM, fluid volume deficit

37
Q

specific gravity decreases due to

A

glomerular nephritis, renal damage

38
Q

normal creatinine clearance (amt body clears in one min)

A

above 60 (also called GFR)

39
Q

a creatinine clearance (GFR) of less than what indicates renal failure

A

less than 15

40
Q

purpose of ultrasound

A

check for infection/size of organ

41
Q

purpose of CT scan

A

check for inflammation

42
Q

3 questions to ask before giving CT contrast

A

renal insufficiency? allergies? diabetic?

43
Q

what to do before giving someone with a renal insufficiency contrast

A

give mucomist or bicarb with fluids

44
Q

what to do before giving someone contrast who has an allergy to it

A

prepare ahead of time by giving pepcid, benadryl, or prednisone

45
Q

medication that diabetics cannot take for at least 48 hours after getting contrast

A

metformin

46
Q

before a pt has a nuclear scan they must have these 2 things

A 
IV access
adequate hydration (before and after)
47
Q

kidney biopsy checks what

A

function of the organ at the cellular level

48
Q

what needs to be done after a kidney biopsy

A

a pressure dressing

49
Q

normal RBC

A

men: 4.5-5.4 x 10^6
women: 4-5 x 10^6

50
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-450,000

Elimination (8 decks)

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