GU Flashcards
what can a small dose (2.5-5 mg) of lisinopril do
encourage kidneys to work & lower BP
if someone has VRE they must have this
foley
types of meds that are nephrotoxic
antibiotics chemo drugs anti-cholinergics anti-depressants anti-htn
two street drugs that cause renal failure
heroin and cocaine
in what disorder do people have cysts on their kidneys and a decreased kidney function
polycystic kidney disorder
an increase in BUN & creatinine can cause what
confusion
a metabolic problem results in what type of compensation
respiratory (Kussmaul’s respirations)
extreme losses of what electrolyte can cause metabolic alkalosis
potassium
signs of fluid overload
edema, crackles, JVD, pallor, periorbital edema, increased HR & BP
signs of fluid defecit
dry mucous membranes, decreased BP, increased HR, poor skin turgor
signs of hyperkalemia
EKG changes: spiked T-wave
signs of hypokalemia
muscle spasms/cramps, bradycardia, pauses in heart beats, arrhythmias
what do calcium channel blockers do to the renal system
increase glomerular filtration rate
causes of metabolic acidosis (2)
- decreased bicarb (base) excreted from damaged kidneys
- use of lasix: gets rid of too much base
where does ADH come from and what is its function
the pituitary, increases BP by triggering thirst
where does aldosterone come from and what is its function
the adrenal glands, retains Na (increases BP) and helps get rid of K
what may cause anemia in a renal pt
issues with erythropoietin
med that helps make RBCs
epogen
what BP med may cause renal failure
ACE inhibitors
where is blood shunted in anemic pts
most important organs
where is the last active stage of vitamin D released
the kidneys
calcium has an inverse relationship with
phosphorus
if Ca is increased then phosphorus will be
decreased
an increased BUN may cause
nausea
normal BUN
8-25
what may increase BUN
excessive protein ingestion
normal creatinine
woman: 0.5-1.1
man: 0.6-1.2
normal BUN/creatinine ratio
10:1-20:1
a BUN/creatinine ratio of greater than 20:1 indicates what
dehydration
normal potassium
3.5-5, usually increased in renal pt
normal sodium
135-145, increases due to a decreased fluid volume
normal hgb
woman: 14-16
man: 15-17
normal hct
woman: 42-48
man: 45-51
h&h may be increased due to
a volume issue, kidneys not functioning
normal specific gravity
1.003-1.03
specific gravity increases due to
DM, fluid volume deficit
specific gravity decreases due to
glomerular nephritis, renal damage
normal creatinine clearance (amt body clears in one min)
above 60 (also called GFR)
a creatinine clearance (GFR) of less than what indicates renal failure
less than 15
purpose of ultrasound
check for infection/size of organ
purpose of CT scan
check for inflammation
3 questions to ask before giving CT contrast
renal insufficiency? allergies? diabetic?
what to do before giving someone with a renal insufficiency contrast
give mucomist or bicarb with fluids
what to do before giving someone contrast who has an allergy to it
prepare ahead of time by giving pepcid, benadryl, or prednisone
medication that diabetics cannot take for at least 48 hours after getting contrast
metformin
before a pt has a nuclear scan they must have these 2 things
IV access adequate hydration (before and after)
kidney biopsy checks what
function of the organ at the cellular level
what needs to be done after a kidney biopsy
a pressure dressing
normal RBC
men: 4.5-5.4 x 10^6
women: 4-5 x 10^6
normal platelet count
150,000-450,000
