GI Flashcards
recent surgery can lead to what GI issue
constipation
F’s that put people at risk for gallstones (6)
fat over 40 fair skinned female fertile (estrogen levels) flatulent
causes of metabolic acidosis
excessive diarrhea (D is a base-not an acid) malabsorption syndromes
causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting
NGT suctioning
acidosis comes from (bottom or top)
bottom-diarrhea
alkalosis comes from (bottom or top)
top-vomiting
a weight loss of how much in how long is concerning
greater than 15 lbs in 3 months
if a pt is taking iron they should increase these (3)
fiber, vitamin C, water
a steadily decreasing BP can indicate what
internal bleeding
rebound tenderness is a paramount sign of what
peritonitis
frothy stool is what
fatty
stool that floats has what
high fat
normal bowel sounds
3-12 per min
hypoactive bowel sounds
1-2 in 2 mins
hyperactive bowel sounds
greater than 7 in 30 sec
a hgb of 6 & a hct of 18 indicates what
an active bleed
a hgb of 10 & a hct of 30 indicates what
a slow bleed
when does Na increase
dehydration
signs of increased sodium
mental changes & seizures
signs of decreased sodium
muscle weakness & confusion
signs of a slow bleed
dark tarry stool, coffee ground emesis
what does amylase break down
carbs and starches
where are amylase and lipase normally dumped
into the chyme or stool
where are amylase and lipase dumped when they are overproduced
the blood
does amylase or lipase go up first
amylase
characteristics of stool with fecal fat
sweeter smell, bulky, shiny look
what percentage of fat is normal for stool
75%
no coumadin for how long before colonoscopy
7 days
dietary changes to reduce the risk of stones
decreased fat and cholesterol
increased levels of H2antagonists in the blood can cause what
arrhythmias & CNS effects
H2Antagonists (4)
Tagment, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac
side effects of PPI
increased bone loss, decreased Ca levels, c diff (doesn’t allow acid to be formed
PPI (4)
Nexium, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix
Phenothiazines
Compazine & Phenergan
Non-phenothiazine
Reglan
5-HT3 Receptor Blockers
Anzemet & Zofran
what can Compazine & Reglan cause
tardive dyskinesthia
side effect of Reglan
drowsiness
PPIs increase the toxicity of these 3 things
benzos, dilantin, coumadin
action of Reglan
increases GI motility, empties stomach contents quicker
3 causes of bowel obstructions
mechanical, vascular, neurological
examples of mechanical bowel obstruction
tumors, adhesions
example of vascular bowel obstruction
side effect of mesenteric occlusion
example of neuro bowel obstruction
ileus
what is obstipation
no stools
which metabolic problem comes from a small bowel obstruction
metabolic alkalosis
which metabolic problem comes from a large bowel obstruction
metabolic acidosis
SBO or LBO: visible peristaltic waves, distention, N, profuse vomiting, obstipation, F&E imbalance, metabolic alkalosis
small bowel obstruction
SBO or LBO: cramping, distention, minimal or no V, ribbon like stools, metabolic acidosis
large bowel obstruction
a rigid board like abd is seen in what
peritonitis
