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Elimination > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

recent surgery can lead to what GI issue

A

constipation

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2
Q

F’s that put people at risk for gallstones (6)

A 
fat
over 40
fair skinned
female
fertile (estrogen levels)
flatulent
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3
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A 
excessive diarrhea (D is a base-not an acid)
malabsorption syndromes
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4
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting

NGT suctioning

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5
Q

acidosis comes from (bottom or top)

A

bottom-diarrhea

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6
Q

alkalosis comes from (bottom or top)

A

top-vomiting

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7
Q

a weight loss of how much in how long is concerning

A

greater than 15 lbs in 3 months

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8
Q

if a pt is taking iron they should increase these (3)

A

fiber, vitamin C, water

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9
Q

a steadily decreasing BP can indicate what

A

internal bleeding

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10
Q

rebound tenderness is a paramount sign of what

A

peritonitis

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11
Q

frothy stool is what

A

fatty

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12
Q

stool that floats has what

A

high fat

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13
Q

normal bowel sounds

A

3-12 per min

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14
Q

hypoactive bowel sounds

A

1-2 in 2 mins

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15
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds

A

greater than 7 in 30 sec

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16
Q

a hgb of 6 & a hct of 18 indicates what

A

an active bleed

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17
Q

a hgb of 10 & a hct of 30 indicates what

A

a slow bleed

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18
Q

when does Na increase

A

dehydration

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19
Q

signs of increased sodium

A

mental changes & seizures

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20
Q

signs of decreased sodium

A

muscle weakness & confusion

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21
Q

signs of a slow bleed

A

dark tarry stool, coffee ground emesis

22
Q

what does amylase break down

A

carbs and starches

23
Q

where are amylase and lipase normally dumped

A

into the chyme or stool

24
Q

where are amylase and lipase dumped when they are overproduced

A

the blood

25
Q

does amylase or lipase go up first

A

amylase

26
Q

characteristics of stool with fecal fat

A

sweeter smell, bulky, shiny look

27
Q

what percentage of fat is normal for stool

A

75%

28
Q

no coumadin for how long before colonoscopy

A

7 days

29
Q

dietary changes to reduce the risk of stones

A

decreased fat and cholesterol

30
Q

increased levels of H2antagonists in the blood can cause what

A

arrhythmias & CNS effects

31
Q

H2Antagonists (4)

A

Tagment, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac

32
Q

side effects of PPI

A

increased bone loss, decreased Ca levels, c diff (doesn’t allow acid to be formed

33
Q

PPI (4)

A

Nexium, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix

34
Q

Phenothiazines

A

Compazine & Phenergan

35
Q

Non-phenothiazine

A

Reglan

36
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

A

Anzemet & Zofran

37
Q

what can Compazine & Reglan cause

A

tardive dyskinesthia

38
Q

side effect of Reglan

A

drowsiness

39
Q

PPIs increase the toxicity of these 3 things

A

benzos, dilantin, coumadin

40
Q

action of Reglan

A

increases GI motility, empties stomach contents quicker

41
Q

3 causes of bowel obstructions

A

mechanical, vascular, neurological

42
Q

examples of mechanical bowel obstruction

A

tumors, adhesions

43
Q

example of vascular bowel obstruction

A

side effect of mesenteric occlusion

44
Q

example of neuro bowel obstruction

A

ileus

45
Q

what is obstipation

A

no stools

46
Q

which metabolic problem comes from a small bowel obstruction

A

metabolic alkalosis

47
Q

which metabolic problem comes from a large bowel obstruction

A

metabolic acidosis

48
Q

SBO or LBO: visible peristaltic waves, distention, N, profuse vomiting, obstipation, F&E imbalance, metabolic alkalosis

A

small bowel obstruction

49
Q

SBO or LBO: cramping, distention, minimal or no V, ribbon like stools, metabolic acidosis

A

large bowel obstruction

50
Q

a rigid board like abd is seen in what

A

peritonitis

Elimination (8 decks)

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